The in-vitro activity of ceftazidime against clinically important pathogens

Abstract

A total of 1414 strains of Gram-negative bacilli and 250 strains of Gram-positive cocci were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using the broth dilution method. The strains were clinical isolates from 26 hospitals in the Rhein-Main area. All the strains were tested against ceftazidime and ten other cephalosporin antibiotics. Ceftazidime was found to exhibit an in-vitro activity against Enterobacteriaceae similar to that of cefotaxime, moxalactam and other new members of the cephalosporin class, but was more active against Acinetobacter species. Ceftazidime shows extremely high activity both against carbenicillin-sensitive and -resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Similarly, ampicillin-sensitive and -resistant strains of Haemophilus influenzae are susceptible to ceftazidime. The activity of ceftazidime against Staphylococcus aureus is limited and, like other cephalosporins, it is inactive against Streptococcus faecalis.

Ceftazidime: in vitro Comparison with Cephalothin, Cefuroxime, and Netilmicin

“…Most of these compounds, however, have only moderate or low activity against Pseudo monas strains. Our results confirm previ ous studies indicating that ceftazidime is highly active against a wide range of clin ically important bacteria including P. aer uginosa [9,11,13]. Against our Enterobacteriaceae isolates, ceftazidime showed an activity comparable or superior to that of netilmicin, and none of the tested isolates required more than 2 mg/1 of ceftazidime for inhibition.…”

Ceftazidime as initial therapy for suspected bacterial infections in hospitalized pediatric patients

“…The MIC of ceftazidime for these isolates ranged from 2 to 32 pLg/ml. Although these ceftazidime MICs far exceed the 90% MIC for other (3-lactamn antibiotics (11,20), all nine infected children not receiving supplemental oral therapy fulfilled criteria for both bacteriological and clinical cures. In addition, no cultures from the three children switched to oral therapy grew S. aureus after the children had spent 24 h off ceftazidime before the start of their at-home medication.…”

Pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime in patients with renal insufficiency

“…It is recommended that 0.5 to 2.0 g of ceftazidime be given in extended dosages, with intervals dependent on the renal function of the patient. Patients with a ClCR of >50 ml/min should be given ceftazidime every 8 h, those with a ClCR of 30 to 50 mllmin should be given the drug every 12 h, those with a CICR of 15 to 30 ml/min should be given the drug once a day, and individuals with a CICR of <15 ml/min should be given the drug on a 36-to 48-h regimen.Ceftazidime is a beta-lactamase-stable cephalosporin with a high degree of activity against a broad spectrum of organisms including: streptococci, staphylococci, and Neisseria, Haemophilus, Salmonella, Serratia, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, indole-positive Proteus, and Pseudomonas species (1,6,7,9). Its potential use includes a wide variety of infections caused by these pathogens.…”

“…Ceftazidime is a beta-lactamase-stable cephalosporin with a high degree of activity against a broad spectrum of organisms including: streptococci, staphylococci, and Neisseria, Haemophilus, Salmonella, Serratia, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, indole-positive Proteus, and Pseudomonas species (1,6,7,9). Its potential use includes a wide variety of infections caused by these pathogens.…”