Although nanodelivery has made unprecedented progress
in enhancing
the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs, there is still much room for
improvement. Zwitterionic nanodrugs have great potential to be a universal
platform for nanodelivery because of the exceptional hemocompatibility
and ultralow immunogenicity, although they are sensitive to the tumor
microenvironment (TME) for tumor cell targeting and internalization.
Here, a negatively biased zwitterionic peptide micelle, a mimic of
albumin, was developed to improve two vital factors, which are the
responsive transition of stability and affinity to tumor cells from
circulation to the slightly acidic TME. The incorporation of positively
charged hydrophobic phenformin into the camptothecin (CPT)-conjugated
micelles (Pep-SSetc-CPT@Phen) can make the micelles more compact to
reduce premature drug release in circulation while improving the sensitivity
of the micelles to MCF-7-xenografted tumors by tuning their zeta potential
in the TME. Thus, Pep-SSetc-CPT@Phen exhibited more tumor-preferred
biodistribution and longer blood circulation than nonphenformin-incorporated
micelles (Pep-SSetc-CPT), thereby enhancing tumor growth inhibition
with lower side effects. Together, these results have provided a promising
combinational method to enhance the transition of stability and the
sensitivity to the TME for developing biomimetic zwitterionic nanodrugs
with high antitumor efficacy.