“…Patients are generally younger adults age 35 years to 45 years, and risk factors for 75%-90% of cases include chronic steroid use, alcoholism, smoking, hip trauma including femoral neck fractures and hip dislocations, and prior hip surgery. Other potential etiologies for osteonecrosis include childhood history of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), deep sea diving or other hyperbaric conditions, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other connective tissue disorders, autoimmune diseases causing vasculitis, sickle cell anemia, coagulopathy such as thrombophilia or disseminated intravascular coagulation, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, hyperlipidemia, fat embolus syndrome, treatment of developmental hip dysplasia, chemotherapy and/or radiation, organ transplantation, chronic liver disease, Gaucher disease, gout, and metabolic bone disease [3,4,[6][7][8][9][10] . Males are affected up to three times more than females, and bilateral femoral head osteonecrosis is found in up to 75% of cases [3,5] .…”