The incidence and spreading of Macrophomina phaseolina(Tassi) Goidanovich on sunflower in the Czech Republic

Abstract

VEVERKA K., PALICOVÁ J., KŘÍŽKOVÁ I. (2008): . Plant Protect. Sci., 44: 127–137. The warm climate pathogen <i>Macrophomina phaseolina</i> (Tassi) Goid., which causes charcoal disease, has been reported in the Czech Republic since 1999. The aim of our work was to study the incidence of disease between 2000–2007 in the main sunflower growing regions and analyse the relationship between weather conditions and the occurrence of the pathogen. The first and highest incidence of disease was in the Žatec region. However, in the region south of Brno there was no disease in 2000, 2001 and 2003, and only individual low incidence in other years until 2007, when the disease was found in nine localities. The incidence of the disease is increasing year by year indicating a spread of the pathogen. The warm and dry periods throughout the end of July and August have promoted the disease. However in some years where weather conditions were favourable for the pathogen, in several cases no disease was found. It is assumed, that the pathogen was not yet present in these localities. Soil conditions are critical. Diseased plants are usually distributed in several dispersed groups in the stand, especially on higher and drier parts of the field. Disease is also often found on plants suffering from compressed roots. Diseased plants had poorly developed heads and seeds.

Diseases of Edible Oilseed Crops

“…It is widespread throughout Latin America, Eastern and Southern Africa, Egypt, West Asia, Middle East including Iran and Turkey (Habib et al 2007, Mahmoud and Budak 2011, Ijaj et al 2012, and South Asia, more particularly in Pakistan (Khan 2007). With change in climate, the diseases are also reported to occur in the otherwise relatively cooler regions of the United States (Gulya et al 2002, Ullah et al 2011, Weems et al 2011 and Europe (Sarova et al 2003, Bokor 2007, Veverka et al 2008, Csondes et al 2012. Crop loss estimates are available to the extent of 64% in the Krasnodar region of Russia, 46% in India , and 90% in Pakistan (Khan 2007).…”

Exogenous Melatonin Regulates Superoxide Dismutase Gene Expression and Enzymatic Activity in Response to Pathogenic Fungi in Soybean Glycine max (L.) Merrill

“…The isolated fungi were identified according to their morphological characteristics, represented by M. phaseolina according to Veverka [12]. While R. solani, was identified based on the characteristics of the fungal culture and the microscopic characteristics mentioned in Parmeter and Whitney [13], then the isolates were kept in test tubes containing sterile PDA supplied with antibiotic.…”

Sunflower genotypes tolerance to charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid.) under the field conditions

“…It is commonly registered in Pakistan (JALIL et al, 2013), China (ZHANG et al, 2016), and India (SURIACHANDRASELVAN et al, 2005), where reported yield losses were up to 90% in sunflower. In favourable years, the fungus was registered in the European countries as well, including Spain (JIMENÉZ-DIAZ et al, 1983), Italy (MANICI et al, 1992), Hungary (CSÖNDES et al, 2011), Slovakia (BOKOR, 2007, the Czech Republic (VEVERKA et al, 2008), Romania (IONITĂ et al, 1996, Bulgaria (ALEXANDROV, 1999) and Serbia (TANČIĆ et al, 2012). Generally, charcoal rot caused by this pathogen can reduce seed yields by 20-36% throughout the world (JIMENEZ-DIAZ et al, 1983) caused by premature ripening.…”