The incidence of breast cancer in Canada 1971–2015: trends in screening-eligible and young-onset age groups

Heer, Emily; Ruan, Yibing; Mealey, Nicole E.; Quan, May Lynn; Brenner, Darren R.

doi:10.17269/s41997-020-00305-6

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The magnitude of the change was modest, generally in the order of 0.5–1% per year. In some studies, the increase was limited to or more pronounced in the youngest subgroups [ 37 , 39 , 48 , 49 , 54 , 59 ]. Several studies reported a significant decrease in older women (i.e.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another approach, taken by several studies included in the review, is to employ age–period-cohort modelling to disentangle trends due to factors that influence all ages (period effects), such as changes in clinical practice, those that vary by generation (cohort effects), such as exposure to risk factors, and those due to increasing age (age effects). Taken together the results of this approach suggest a real generational effect for colorectal, kidney and uterine cancers, in addition to the variations attributable to changes in clinical practice or detection of indolent tumours [ 8 , 11 , 30 , 37 , 38 , 44 , 74 , 77 , 78 ], whilst data were less clear for breast and pancreatic cancer [ 8 , 37 , 39 , 54 , 59 , 67 , 70 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Changes in the prevalence of lifestyle associated risk factors in high-income countries may be contributing to the trends. Obesity, which has become more prevalent in high-income countries in the last few decades, is a risk factor for four out of the five rising cancers (colorectal, pancreas, kidney, and uterine cancer), whilst its role in early onset breast tumours is more controversial [ 54 , 66 ]. Variations in patterns of childbearing and breastfeeding or increase use of oral contraception may be contributing to the rise in breast and uterine cancer incidence in younger generations [ 67 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidence trends for twelve cancers in younger adults—a rapid review

et al. 2022

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Many cancer referral guidelines use patient’s age as a key criterium to decide who should be referred urgently. A recent rise in the incidence of colorectal cancer in younger adults has been described in high-income countries worldwide. Information on other cancers is more limited. The aim of this rapid review was to determine whether other cancers are also increasing in younger age groups, as this may have important implications for prioritising patients for investigation and referral. We searched MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science for studies describing age-related incidence trends for colorectal, bladder, lung, oesophagus, pancreas, stomach, breast, ovarian, uterine, kidney and laryngeal cancer and myeloma. ‘Younger’ patients were defined based on NICE guidelines for cancer referral. Ninety-eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings show that the incidence of colorectal, breast, kidney, pancreas, uterine cancer is increasing in younger age groups, whilst the incidence of lung, laryngeal and bladder cancer is decreasing. Data for oesophageal, stomach, ovarian cancer and myeloma were inconclusive. Overall, this review provides evidence that some cancers are increasingly being diagnosed in younger age groups, although the mechanisms remain unclear. Cancer investigation and referral guidelines may need updating in light of these trends.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidence trends for twelve cancers in younger adults—a rapid review

et al. 2022

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“…(2) Breast cancer incidence among younger women (under age 50) has increased in Canada since 2000. (3) The Canadian Cancer Society (CCS) projected that in 2017, roughly 17% of new breast cancer cases will occur before age 50. (4) Breast cancer diagnosed among younger women often occur outside agerestricted or high-risk screening programs, resulting in advanced stage at diagnosis and poorer survival rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the etiology of early-onset breast cancer in the Canadian Partnership for Tomorrow’s Health (CanPath)

Pader

Basmadjian

O’Sullivan

et al. 2021

Cancer Causes Control

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Purpose: Breast cancer incidence among younger women (under age 50) has increased over the past 25 years, yet little is known about the etiology among this age group. The objective of this study was to investigate relationships between modi able and non-modi able risk factors and early-onset breast cancer among three prospective Canadian cohorts.Methods: A matched case-control study was conducted using data from Alberta's Tomorrow Project, BC Generations Project, and the Ontario Health Study. Participants diagnosed with breast cancer before age 50 were identi ed through provincial registries and matched to three control participants of similar age and follow-up. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine the association between factors and risk of early-onset breast cancer.Results: In total, 609 cases and 1,827 controls were included. A body mass index ≥30kg/m 2 was associated with a lower risk of early-onset breast cancer (OR=0.65; 95% CI: 0.47-0.90), while a waist circumference ≥88 cm was associated with an increased risk (OR=1.40; 95% CI: 1.06-1.84). A reduced risk was found for women with ≥2 pregnancies (OR=0.80; 95% CI: 0.64-1.00) and a rst-degree family history of breast cancer was associated with an increased risk (OR=2.06; 95% CI: 1.54-2.75).Conclusions: In this study, measures of adiposity, pregnancy history, and familial history of breast cancer are important risk factors for early-onset breast cancer. Evidence was insu cient to conclude if smoking, alcohol intake, fruit and vegetable consumption, and physical activity are meaningful risk factors. The results of this study could inform targeted primary and secondary prevention for early-onset breast cancer.

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“…18 However, between 1971 and 2015 in Canada, breast cancer incidence had an increasing trend among women under the age of 40 since 2000, and a stable trend for women under 50 years. 19 Several studies have investigated the time trend of gynecological cancer incidence around the world. In line with our study, an international study on the trends of ovarian cancer incidence showed an increase in the ASRs of ovarian cancer in non-Asian populations during 2008-2012.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in the Incidence Rates of Breast and Gynecological Cancers in Asia from 1998–2012: An Ecological Study

2022

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Background: There is limited evidence on the epidemiology and time trend analysis of incidence rates of gynecological cancer in Asia as a whole. We conducted this study to demonstrate breast and gynecological cancers incidence and trends in selected Asian populations. Method: We conducted this ecological study using cancer and population data from cancer incidence in five continents (CI5). We extracted the data of breast, uterine, cervix and ovary cancers in selected Asian populations from 1998 to 2012 from CI5plus. We used Joinpoint regression model (version 4.8.0.1) to evaluate the annual percentage change (APC), which characterizes trends in cancer rates over time, and the average annual percent changes (AAPCs), which describes the average APCs over a period of multiple years. Results were considered statistically significant at P < 0.05. Results: Between breast and gynecological cancers, breast cancer has the highest incidence rates among women in Asia. The time trend of the incidence rates showed a constant growth in breast, ovary and corpus uteri cancers. This rising trend was obviously sharper for uterine cancer (AAPC 95% CI = 3.4 [3.0, 3.7]) followed by breast [AAPC 95% CI = 2.1 (2.0, 2.2)] and ovarian cancers (AAPC 95% CI = 0.5 [-0.4, 1.3]). The age-adjusted incidence rate (ASR) of cervical cancer displayed a declining trend from 1998 to 2012 (AAPC 95% CI = -1.4 [-2.4, -0.5]). Conclusion: Incidence rates of breast and gynecological cancers have a rising trend in Asian countries. However, breast and gynecological cancers have different patterns of time trend.

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The incidence of breast cancer in Canada 1971–2015: trends in screening-eligible and young-onset age groups

Cited by 21 publications

References 23 publications

Incidence trends for twelve cancers in younger adults—a rapid review

Incidence trends for twelve cancers in younger adults—a rapid review

Examining the etiology of early-onset breast cancer in the Canadian Partnership for Tomorrow’s Health (CanPath)

Trends in the Incidence Rates of Breast and Gynecological Cancers in Asia from 1998–2012: An Ecological Study

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