The Incidence of Conform and Milk Souring Organisms in Welsh Farm and Creamery Water Supplies

Franklin, Patricia M.; George, Gwyneth

doi:10.1111/j.1471-0307.1949.tb02176.x

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…any lactose fermenting organism must have an adverse effect on keeping quality and although there is no evidence to show that in practice contaminated supplies can be the sole cause of poor keeping quality, obviously they must be a contributory factor." Thomas & Thomas (1947) and Franklin & George (1949) found that about 80% of 728 farm water supplies examined contained milk souring organisms able to form an acid clot in litmus milk within 48 hr a t 30", and Thomas, Griffiths & Hobson (1954) reported that 0.7% of 8,560 samples of farm water supplies contained ropy milk organisms, the incidence being as high as 1'4% during June-August.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Bacteriology of Farm Water Supplies: A Study of the Colony Count in 72 Hours at 22°

Thomas

1955

Journal of Applied Bacteriology

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The colony count at 22' of farm water supplies from springs and wells waa mainly composed of biochemically inactive, non-pigmented, Gram-negative rods. Water from 8 stream polluted with farmyard sewage showed a similar dominance of Gram-negative rods, but orange or yellow pigmented colonies were more abundant.There were few 37" positive coli-aerogenes bacteria in either the farm water supplies or the sewage polluted stream, and Bact. coli type I waa rare.A high proportion of the bacteria from farm water supplies fermented milk in 3 days at 2 2 O ; a third developed acid, 16% proteolysis and 6.4% ropiness.Contamination of pure spring water with surface soil from a heavily grazed pasture resulted in a hundredfold increase in colony count with aerobic sporing rods replacing Gram-negative rods 88 the dominant organisms, but coli-mrogenes bacteria were absent.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Bacteriology of Farm Water Supplies: A Study of the Colony Count in 72 Hours at 22°

Thomas

1955

Journal of Applied Bacteriology

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Section B. Bacteriology and mycology applied to dairying

Hiscox¹,

Briggs²

1953

Journal of Dairy Research

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Reviews of the progress of dairy sciencepreformed enzymes, are added to chemically defined substrates, giving clear-cut results. A clockwork automatic bacteriological inoculating device has been devised by Fuson & Marcus (20). An ingenious device(2i), patented in the U.S.A., for counting bacterial colonies, consists of a fountain pen connected to an electro-magnetic counter which registers each time the pen touches the Petri dish or roll-tube. Hannay (22) has described a new type of laterally illuminated colony counting chamber. British Standards for Petri dishes (23) have been issued recently. A microtechnique for the growth of many cultures, particularly for assay work, in one Petri dish has been developed by Turner-Graff(24). Newbould's(25) roll-tube spinner is designed to use cheap, easily obtainable vials or bottles. A suggestion contributing, in the long run, to economy is that of using rigid, seamless tubes of Kraft paper instead of the paper wrappings commonly used for individual sterile pipettes (26); Lack (27) has described a hot box for microcultures, which dispenses with a water jacket since the heating element consists of glass electrothermal heating tape. From America have come details of a simple large-scale anaerobic culture apparatus (28) utilizing a milk can as the main container, and of the uses to which spun glass (29) may be put as an air-filtering medium for bacteriological purposes.The text of the papers read, and the discussion, at a Symposium of the Institute of Biology in London in 1951 have been published under the title Freezing and Drying^); diversity of opinion and lack of collaboration and understanding between bacteriologist and vacuum engineer was apparent concerning even such vital factors as the plugs for drying tubes. Fry & Greaves (31), working mainly with a paracolon bacillus over a 3-year period, have shown that the nature of the suspending medium is one of the most important factors determining the survival rate of bacteria dried in vacuo; the addition of 5-10% of glucose or lactose increased the percentage survival. Young cultures were less resistant to drying than older cultures, but the cell concentration appeared to be of little consequence. ' Mist desiccans' (1 part broth, 3 parts serum with 7-5% added glucose) proved a satisfactory suspending medium for sensitive organisms such as Neisseria gonorrhoea. Briggs' observations (32) on the freeze-drying of lactobacilli are in almost complete agreement with those of Fry & Greaves; using strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus and L. bulgaricus, which were particularly sensitive to freeze-drying, she obtained with her suspending media survival rates of over 10% after 18 months' storage; her work is being continued with other species of lactobacilli subsequently tested to determine whether selection has taken place, although this should not be a danger except where very low survival rates are experienced. Sharpe (33) has tested the precipitin and agglutination reactions of cultures of L. acidophilus and L. bulgaricus which had b...

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The Incidence of Conform and Milk Souring Organisms in Welsh Farm and Creamery Water Supplies

Cited by 2 publications

References 4 publications

The Bacteriology of Farm Water Supplies: A Study of the Colony Count in 72 Hours at 22°

The Bacteriology of Farm Water Supplies: A Study of the Colony Count in 72 Hours at 22°

Section B. Bacteriology and mycology applied to dairying

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