The Incidence of Epstein-Barr Virus Primary Infection Among Suspected Patients Referred to Namazi Hospital of Shiraz, Iran

Moeini, Mahsa; Ziyaeyan, Mazyar; Asaei, Sadaf; Behzadi, Mohammad Amin

doi:10.5812/jjm.8(4)2015.16109

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In this study, we identified a prevalence rate of approximately 7% of primary EBV infection in adult HAART-free PLHIV in a state of the Brazilian Amazon region. Our findings were similar to the epidemiological data on the general prevalence of primary infection among immunocompetent adults in emerging countries 35 – 37 . However, there were discrepancies when compared to data from other studies with patients immunocompromised by HIV-1; our findings were lower than the values observed even in countries with similar socioeconomic profiles 26 , 38 , 39 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Epidemiological risk factors associated with primary infection by Epstein–Barr virus in HIV-1-positive subjects in the Brazilian Amazon region

Pereira

França

Costa

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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To identify the prevalence and risk factors for primary Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-positive adult treatment-naïve patients between January 2018 and December 2019 in a state of the Brazilian Amazon region. A total of 268 HIV-1 positive patients and 65 blood donors participated in the study. Epidemiological data were obtained from medical records and through a designed questionnaire. EBV infection was screened by the semiquantitative detection of anti-viral capsid antigen (VCA) EBV IgM and IgG, followed by molecular detection of the EBNA-3C gene. The plasma viral loads of HIV-1 and EBV were quantified using a commercial kit. The prevalence of primary coinfection was 7.12%. The associated risk factors were education level, family income, history of illicit drug use and sexually transmitted infections, homosexual contact and condom nonuse. Approximately 58.5% had late initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy, which influenced the risk of HIV-EBV 1/2 multiple infection (odds ratio (OR): 4.76; 95% CI 1.51–15.04) and symptom development (p = 0.004). HIV viral load was associated with patient age (OR: 2.04; 95% CI 2.01–2.07; p = 0.026) and duration of illicit drug use (OR: 1.57; 95% CI 1.12–2.22; p = 0.0548). EBV viral load was associated with younger age (OR: 0.82; 95% CI 0.79–1.03; p = 0.0579). The replication of both viruses was associated with symptom development (HIV = OR: 2.06; 95% CI 1.22–3.50; p = 0.0073; EBV = OR: 8.81; 95% CI 1–10; p = 0.0447). The prevalence of HIV/EBV coinfection was lower than that observed in other studies, and social vulnerability and promiscuous sexual behavior were associated risk factors. A long time of HIV-1 infection, without therapy, influenced the risk of coinfection and disease progression. The viral loads of both viruses may be associated with some epidemiological aspects of the population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Epidemiological risk factors associated with primary infection by Epstein–Barr virus in HIV-1-positive subjects in the Brazilian Amazon region

Pereira

França

Costa

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…By performing IgM antibody ELISA to VCA of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), we determined the prevalence of EBV, and only 2.3% of samples tested positive. In a study conducted by Moeini et al, it was found that out of 346 patients, 30.0% (104) were positive for EBV VCA-IgM [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rickettsial Infections among the Undifferentiated Febrile Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of Northern India: A Longitudinal Study

et al. 2021

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Background Acute undifferentiated febrile illness (AUFI) is one of the most daunting challenges a physician faces in such settings. Among AUFI, rickettsial infections are most common and related infections (such as anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, and Q fever) which are caused by an unusual type of bacteria that can live only inside the cells of another organism. The present study was therefore planned with an objective to estimate the prevalence of rickettsial infection among patients of undifferentiated fever and to determine any association of socio-demographic characteristics with rickettsial disease. Materials and Methods Patients presenting with febrile illness and admitted or attending out-patient department of Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar was approached and recruited in the study. Weil Felix Assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect immunofluorescence assay were done to detect the anti-rickettsial antibodies. Serological evidence of a fourfold increase in IgG-specific antibody titer reactive with spotted fever group rickettsial antigen by indirect immunofluorescence antibody assays between paired serum specimens was considered a confirmatory diagnosis for the rickettsial disease. Results Most of the patients were males 61.6%, and most 46.2% were in the age group of 20 -39 years. Most of the patients, 80.8% belonged to rural areas, and 48% belonged to the upper middle (II) class of the socio-economic class according to modified Kuppuswamy scale. Of the studied participants, a majority, 47.0%, were determined undiagnosed, while 15.4% studied participants were diagnosed to have a rickettsial disease. In patients positive for typhus group, 67.8% were IgM positive, 28.5% were IgG positive, and only 3% were positive for IgM and IgG. In patients positive for Scrub Typhus Group, 32.7% were positive for IgM, and 62.0% were positive for IgG, and only 5.0% were positive for both IgM and IgG. In patients positive for spotted fever group, 36.1% were positive for IgM, and 58.5% were positive for IgG, and only 5.5% were positive for both IgM and IgG. The prevalence of rickettsial disease was found to be 11.3%. Conclusion Rickettsial diseases, typhoid and brucellosis, were the most prevalent diseased diagnosed among patients reporting to hospitals with undifferentiated febrile illness. Clinicians must consider rickettsial diseases as one of the differential diagnosis while treating patients with fever.

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“…A study in Espírito Santo, Brazil showed a higher prevalence of EBV antibodies in children and adolescents, with more frequent infections occurring at a younger age in children from families of low socioeconomic status (14). Another study in the Islamic Republic of Iran between 2007 and 2011 showed that 91.5% of primary EBV infections occurred by the age of 10 years compared with 72.4% in our study (15). However, a study in the USA found that about 50% of primary EBV infection in American children occurred between 6 and 8 years of age (12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trend and seroprevalence of Epstein–Barr virus in Bahrain: 2001–2015

Farid

Al‐Biltagi

2017

East Mediterr Health J

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Tendance et séroprévalence du virus d'Epstein Barr à Bahreïn (2001-2015)RÉSUMÉ À Bahreïn, il n'existe aucune information épidémiologique adéquate sur le taux d'infection par le virus Epstein Barr (EBV). Or, des données dans ce domaine pourraient permettre de mettre au point des mesures de protection contre les infections par EBV. La présente étude avait ainsi pour objectif d'examiner la tendance de l'infection par EBV à Bahreïn sur une période de 15 ans (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015). Les résultats sérologiques de 10 560 patients ayant une infection par EBV suspecte ont été évalués. Les échantillons prélevés au centre médical de Salmaniya entre 2001 et 2015 ont été inclus. La présence ou l'absence des anticorps IgG de l'antigène de la capside virale de l'EBV, IgM de la capside virale, et IgG dirigés contre l'antigène nucléaire de l'EBV (EBNA) a été enregistrée. Sur les 10 560 échantillons, 10 333 étaient utilisables. Sur ce nombre, 86,1 % étaient séropositifs, et montraient une tendance à la hausse des cas d'infection par EBV sur la période couverte par l'étude. Une primo-infection à EBV a été trouvée pour 7,4 % des échantillons, et sur ce chiffre, 47,3 % des sujets avaient entre 5 et 19 ans. La réactivation de l'EBV a été observée dans 11 % des échantillons séropositifs. Sur ce nombre, 50 % des sujets avaient 25 ans ou plus. Le patient séropositif le plus jeune était âgé de 11 mois. L'EBV est une infection courante à Bahreïn. La plupart des infections ont lieu entre l'âge d'un et cinq ans, tandis que les cas de réactivation de l'infection apparaissent après l'âge de 25 ans. La surveillance en série de l'infection par EBV est requise à Bahreïn. Des mesures de protection contre cet type d'iinfection devraient être mises en place. Of the 10 560 samples, 10 333 were usable; of these, 86.1% were seropositive with an increasing trend of EBV infection over the study period. Primary EBV infection was found in 7.4% of the seropositive samples; of these, 47.3% were between 5 and 19 years. EBV reactivation was found in 11% of the seropositive samples; of these, 50% were > 25 years of age. The youngest seropositive patient was 11 months old. EBV is a common viral infection in Bahrain. Most primary infections occur between 1 and 5 years while most reactivation infections occur after the age of 25 years. Serial surveillance of EBV infection is needed in Bahrain. Measures to protect against EBV infections should be implemented.

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The Incidence of Epstein-Barr Virus Primary Infection Among Suspected Patients Referred to Namazi Hospital of Shiraz, Iran

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Epidemiological risk factors associated with primary infection by Epstein–Barr virus in HIV-1-positive subjects in the Brazilian Amazon region

Epidemiological risk factors associated with primary infection by Epstein–Barr virus in HIV-1-positive subjects in the Brazilian Amazon region

Rickettsial Infections among the Undifferentiated Febrile Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of Northern India: A Longitudinal Study

Trend and seroprevalence of Epstein–Barr virus in Bahrain: 2001–2015

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