The incidence of first-onset depression in a population followed from the age of 70 to 85

Pálsson, Sigurður; Östling, Svante; Skoog, I.

doi:10.1017/s0033291701004524

Cited by 135 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…Our re ported prevalence of lifetime depression is supported by other studies [23][24][25]. Some studies report lowe r prevalences of lifetime depression but these studies are often retrospective and do not include elderly populations [23].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

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Depression in Swedish women: relationship to factors at birth

et al. 2010

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…It has been suggested that lifetime prevalence of mental disorders may be twice as high in prospective versus retrospective studies [26]. Our group reported a comparable incide nce of depression in adults age 70 years and older [25].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Depression in Swedish women: relationship to factors at birth

et al. 2010

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“…The incidence of depression vary from 2 to 140 per 1000 person-years. 16,[40][41][42][43][44] In the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program study, 40 the incidence of phobic disorder in people aged 65 years and older was 27 per 1000 person-years for males and 55 for females, and the incidence of OCD was 10 per 1000 person-years in females. The incidence of social phobia was 17 per 1000 person-years after age 70 years.…”

Section: Frequency Of Mental Disorders In the Elderlymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…56,64,65 This may reflect that elderly people with depression may exhibit less symptoms than younger people with depresson. 66 The incidence of depression has been reported to increase 43 or be unaffected by age. 44 The prevalence of anxiety disorders is also reported to decrease with age.…”

Section: What Is the Relation Between Age And Frequency Of Mental Dismentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric Disorders in the Elderly

Skoog

2011

Can J Psychiatry

112

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Recent research has shown that depression, anxiety disorders, and psychosis are more common than previously supposed in elderly populations without dementia. It is unclear whether the frequency of these disorders increases or decreases with age. Clinical expression of psychiatric disorders in old age may be different from that seen in younger age groups, with less and often milder symptoms. Concurrently, comorbidity between different psychiatric disorders is immense, as well as comorbidity with somatic disorders. Cognitive function is often decreased in people with depression, anxiety disorders, and psychosis, but whether these disorders are risk factors for dementia is unclear. Psychiatric disorders in the elderly are often related to cerebral neurodegeneration and cerebrovascular disease, although psychosocial risk factors are also important. Psychiatric disorders, common among the elderly, have consequences that include social deprivation, poor quality of life, cognitive decline, disability, increased risk for somatic disorders, suicide, and increased nonsuicidal mortality.Can J Psychiatry. 2011;56 (7):387-397. Key Words: depression, anxiety, psychosis, elderly, epidemiologic methods, prevalence, risk factors, comorbidityM ost research on mental disorders have been concerned with dementia and to some extent with depression. Other mental disorders, such as anxiety disorders and psychotic disorders, have received less attention. This review will discuss the frequency of mental disorders in the elderly, and its relation to age. Aspects of mental disorders in the elderly without dementia, such as clinical expression and comorbidity, cognitive function and dementia, cerebral neurodegeneration and cerebrovascular disease, and risk factors and consequences, will also be discussed. Frequency of Mental Disorders in the ElderlyThe prevalence of mental disorders is high among the elderly, 1-4 with a prevalence of almost 20% in people without dementia aged 65 years and older.2 While most people in epidemiologic studies are below age 90 years, it was recently reported that almost one-third of people without dementia aged 95 years fulfilled criteria for a psychiatric disorder: 17% had depression, 9% anxiety, and 7% a psychotic disorder. 5Most studies on the epidemiology of mental disorders in the elderly without dementia have been concerned with depression. Cross-sectional studies report prevalence figures of around 5% to 10% for depression, 3,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] and 1% to 5% for major depression.2,3,13 These figures may be even higher in the developing world.14 This makes depression more common than dementia in people aged 65 years and older. The prevalence of depressive symptoms are even more common than the clinical diagnoses. Such subsyndromal forms of depression are nevertheless associated with adverse outcomes, such as stroke, disability, and mortality. 15-18Anxiety disorders include GAD, agoraphobia, panic anxiety disorder, OCD, social phobia, and specific phobias. Recent research suggests that anxiety disorder...

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“…10 On the basis of 3 prospective cohorts followed from birth to 26 years, 11 from 24 to 50 years, 12 and from 70 to 85 years 13 we have estimated that at least one-half the population will experience at least one MDE during their lifetime.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing the Burden of Depression

Andrews

2008

Can J Psychiatry

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M DE is identified as prevalent, disabling, and a major determinant in the burden of disease. Nevertheless, waiting rooms are not full of individuals whose primary complaint is depression. How can this be? I will use data from the Australian NMHWS to illustrate some of the issues. MDE is a syndrome of low mood, loss of interest, and other symptoms. There are no laboratory tests for MDE and diagnosis has depended on a trained clinician asking individuals about their symptoms. The DSM-IV 1 lists 5 criteria to satisfy the diagnosis. The first criterion lists 9 symptoms, 5 of which must be present and at least 1 of the 5 must be depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure for the diagnosis to be met. All must be judged to be significant by an experienced clinician in terms of severity, duration, abnormality, distress, and impairment. In addition, the diagnosis requires that the symptoms do not present as a mixed manic episode and MDE, do cause clinically significant distress and are not owing to substance use, general medical condition, bereavement, psychosis, and that there has never been a hint of mania. A total of 20 pieces of information is required before a clinician can safely make the diagnosis.

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The incidence of first-onset depression in a population followed from the age of 70 to 85

Abstract: Both the incidence and prevalence of depression increased with age in this longitudinally followed birth cohort, and the incidence was higher in women than in men.

Cited by 135 publications

References 34 publications

Depression in Swedish women: relationship to factors at birth

Depression in Swedish women: relationship to factors at birth

Psychiatric Disorders in the Elderly

Reducing the Burden of Depression

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