The Incidence of Heartworm Dirofilaria immitis (Filarioidea), in the Wild Canids of Northeast Arkansas

King, A. W.; Bohning, Anna Marie

doi:10.2307/3670773

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…It is possible that a direct survey method, including an analysis of internal organs would have produced a more complete array of parasites but was beyond the objective of this study. All species identified in the present study have been previously recorded for gray foxes in North America (Buechner 1944;Simmons et al 1980;King and Bohning 1984;Dyer 1984;Conti 1984;Rogers 1984;Measures and Anderson 1985;Anderson 1992;Davidson et al 1992;Marquardt et al 2000;Bush et al 2001) andMexico (Pineda-López 1984;Lamothe et al 1997) and three of them (A. caninum, T. canis, and T. leonina) were previously registered in sacrificed stray dogs in Queretaro city (Fernández and Cantó 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…However, the study of parasite communities occurring in Mexican wild mammals remains relatively unexplored (Pérez-Ponce de León 2001). Gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus, Schreber 1775), which is the most abundant wild canid species in Mexico, and considered ecological generalists because to a wide adaptive capacity to different habitats (Fritzell and Haroldson 1982;Ceballos and Galindo-Leal 1984;King and Bohning 1984;Harrison 1997;Steelman et al 1998;Steelman and Henke 2000;Buskirk 1999;Sunquist and Sunquist 2001;Crooks 2002;Gehring and Swihart 2003). There is limited information available concerning the parasite species of the gray fox, or its role as a reservoir or source of parasite outbreaks (Davidson et al 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Nematodes parasites of the gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus Schreber, 1775) in the seasonally dry tropical highlands of central Mexico

et al. 2010

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The gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus Schreber, 1775) is the most abundant and opportunistic wild canid in Mexico. However, the parasites of this canid in Mexico are poorly known, and an intensive parasite survey is lacking. A survey of gray fox parasitological feces was conducted in El Cimatario National Park, a protected area representative of the seasonally dry, tropical highlands of Mexico. Feces were collected in six 1-km-length transects during the summer of 2003 and spring of 2004. The coproparasitoscopical survey registered nine species of nematodes, typical of wild and domestic canids such as Strongyloides stercoralis, Uncinaria stenocephala, Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Dioctophyme renale, Trichuris vulpis, Trichuris sp., and Capillaria sp. Ecological factors such as temperature and humidity appear to play a more important role in the establishment of these species of parasites in this protected area than the presence of domestic dogs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nematodes parasites of the gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus Schreber, 1775) in the seasonally dry tropical highlands of central Mexico

et al. 2010

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“…Reported heartworm prevalence in gray foxes ranges from 0% to 24% (Crowell et al, 1978;Simmons et al, 1980;Lavoipierre et al, 1986;Wixsom et al, 1991). Reported prevalence for red fox (Vulpes vulpes) ranges from 4% to 28% (Stuht and Youatt, 1972;King and Bohning, 1984). Recent prevalence of heartworm in coyotes (Canis latrans) is higher (up to 90%), and coyotes are now considered a significant reservoir for heartworm in some areas (Sacks, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Temporal Variation in the Seroprevalence of Canine Heartworm Antigen in the Island Fox

Roemer

Coonan

Garcelon³

et al. 2000

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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Island foxes (Urocyon littoralis) are endemic to six of the eight California Channel Islands (USA). The island fox is classified as a threatened species by the State of California, and recently three of the six subspecies have experienced abrupt population declines. As part of a continuing effort to determine the cause of the declines, we tested island fox serum samples collected in 1988 (n ϭ 176) and 1997-98 (n ϭ 156) over the entire geographic range of the species for seroprevalence of canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) antigen. Using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PetChek , Idexx Laboratories, Westbrook, Maine, USA) we detected heartworm antigen in four of the six populations of island foxes. On San Miguel and Santa Rosa Islands, seroprevalence in adult foxes was Ͼ85% (n ϭ 62) in 1988 and increased to 100% (n ϭ 24) in 1997-98. On Santa Cruz Island, seroprevalence in adult foxes decreased from 83% (n ϭ 30) to 58% (n ϭ 26), whereas on San Nicolas Island, seroprevalence increased from 25% (n ϭ 32) to 77% (n ϭ 30) during the same period. All of the pups assayed (n ϭ 33) were seronegative. The seroprevalences of heartworm reported herein for the four populations of island foxes are the highest yet reported for a fox species. However, additional demographic data reported elsewhere suggests that heartworm has not been a major factor in the recent declines of island fox populations.

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“…D. immitis has been expanding its range and is endemic in many parts of North America (139). Coyotes (36,55), red foxes (53,73,122), grey foxes (85) and wolves (113) have been reported as hosts. Heartworms are transmitted via the bite of infected mosquitoes.…”

Section: Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious and parasitic diseases of captive carnivores, with special emphasis on the black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes)

Williams¹,

Thorne²

1996

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

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Captive carnivores are susceptible to a wide array of infectious and parasitic diseases, which reflects the diversity of the seven families of Carnivora. Unfortunately, relatively few in-depth studies have been conducted on diseases of non-domestic carnivores, and much remains to be learned, especially regarding diseases of small carnivores (e.g. mustelids, viverrids and procyonids). The more important infectious diseases of carnivores include rabies, canine distemper, and diseases caused by parvoviruses, coronaviruses and herpesviruses. Few parasitic or bacterial pathogens are significant in captive populations, and appropriate husbandry, therapy, vaccines and quarantine minimize the risk of disease. Extrapolations from one species to another regarding disease susceptibility may be incorrect. The black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) serves as an example of a carnivore significantly affected by infectious diseases, some of which were expected while others could not have been predicted from generalized knowledge of diseases of mustelids. This highlights the need to understand the natural history of each species maintained in captivity.

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The Incidence of Heartworm Dirofilaria immitis (Filarioidea), in the Wild Canids of Northeast Arkansas

Cited by 20 publications

References 7 publications

Nematodes parasites of the gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus Schreber, 1775) in the seasonally dry tropical highlands of central Mexico

Nematodes parasites of the gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus Schreber, 1775) in the seasonally dry tropical highlands of central Mexico

Spatial and Temporal Variation in the Seroprevalence of Canine Heartworm Antigen in the Island Fox

Infectious and parasitic diseases of captive carnivores, with special emphasis on the black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes)

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