The Incidence of Incomplete Descent of the Testicle at Birth

Scorer, C. G.

doi:10.1136/adc.31.157.198

Cited by 71 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Maldescended testes are the most common genital abnormality, with an incidence of 1-3.4% in newborn males [1,2] and 0.5-0.8% by 1 year of age [2][3][4][5], The condition is usually congenital but ascent of a previously descended testis, although uncommon, unquestionably occurs [6,7]. Maldescended testes are not a uniform entity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Undescended Testis: Comparison of Two Protocols of Treatment with Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

et al. 1988

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A randomized study of two protocols of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) treatment was performed in 183 prepubertal boys between 7 months and 12 years of age: protocol I, in which the boys were given 7 injections of 1,500 IU every other day, and protocol II consisting of 4 injections of 100 IU/kg at 4- to 5-day intervals. In both protocols, by the end of the test, testosterone had risen significantly to values within the normal adult male range. However, the amplitude of the rise was slightly but significantly lower using protocol II (4.08 ± 2.07 ng/ml) than protocol I (5.16 ± 2.73 ng/ml). It would thus appear that repetition of the hCG injection at intervals of less than 4 days is unnecessary, and that a total stimulation period of 2–3 weeks is sufficient. Although not correlated with testosterone levels, the success rates for treatment were similar in both protocols and comparable to rates reported in the literature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Undescended Testis: Comparison of Two Protocols of Treatment with Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

et al. 1988

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“…This rate is almost double that found in a comparable survey conducted in the late 1950s (Scorer, 1956). Cryptorchidism is an important condition because it is associated with an increased risk of testicular cancer (Chilvers and Pike, 1992;United Kingdom Testicular Cancer Study Group, 1994) and with infertility (Chilvers et al, 1986).…”

mentioning

confidence: 48%

A case - control study of cryptorchidism and maternal hormone concentrations in early pregnancy

Key¹,

Bull²,

Ansell³

et al. 1996

Br J Cancer

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Summary Serum samples taken between 6 and 20 weeks of gestation were obtained from 28 mothers who gave birth to cryptorchid sons (cases) and from 108 control mothers. In comparison with controls the cases had 10% higher geometric mean oestradiol (95% CI -13% to + 39%: P= 0.42) and 10% lower geometric mean testosterone (95% CI -27% to + 10%: P=0.30). Among the samples collected between 6 and 14 weeks of gestation geometric mean concentrations of oestradiol and testosterone were 5% lower (95% CI -32% to + 31%: P=0.74) and 25% lower (95% CI -45% to + 1%: P=0.06) respectively in cases than in controls. Among the samples collected between 15 and 20 weeks of gestation geometric mean concentrations of oestradiol and testosterone were 29% higher (95% CI -8% to +79%: P=0.14) and 21% higher (95% CI -8% to + 60%: P= 0.18) respectively in cases than in controls. The results do not support the hypothesis that cryptorchidism may be caused by high concentrations of oestradiol in the maternal blood during the first phase of testicular descent, but suggest that the possible association of cryptorchidism with low maternal testosterone during early gestation should be further investigated.

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“…In his original study, Scorer [5] devised a system to measure the distance between the superior margin of the pubic crest and the midpoint of the testis when held under gentle traction. Scorer used a value of 4 cm as the dividing line between 'descended' and 'undescended' in full-term infants (2.5 cm in premature infants), stating that this dis tinction seemed to correlate with the location of the testes within the scrotum (> 4 cm).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method we employed was somewhat different from that pre viously devised by Scorer [5] (to be described later). The end of a firm plastic ruler was placed on the pubis at its junction with the dorsum of the penis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normative Values for Testicular Descent from Infancy to Adulthood

Sack

Reichman²,

Fix³

1993

Horm Res

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Measurements of testicular descent and volume were performed on 100 newborns and 144 older children and adults. Mean values of testicular descent were determined for age as well as for Tanner pubertal stage, establishing normative values. We later used these normative values for testicular descent to evaluate subjects who had undergone treatment for cryptorchidism many years previously. These normative values are useful both for the evaluation and follow-up of cryptorchid, suboptimally descended, and retractile testes, as well as for the evaluation and follow-up of therapy, and may prove especially useful in the decision for therapeutic intervention with suboptimally descended testes.

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The Incidence of Incomplete Descent of the Testicle at Birth

Cited by 71 publications

References 2 publications

Undescended Testis: Comparison of Two Protocols of Treatment with Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

Undescended Testis: Comparison of Two Protocols of Treatment with Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

A case - control study of cryptorchidism and maternal hormone concentrations in early pregnancy

Normative Values for Testicular Descent from Infancy to Adulthood

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