The incidence of infection with cytomegalovirus in a normal population: A serological study in Greater London

Stern, H.; Elek, S. D.

doi:10.1017/s0022172400044983

Cited by 176 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…4). In another experiment, treatment with 25 mg of ara-C per kg twice daily for 6 days also failed to alter MCMV pathogenesis. To define the effects of IUdR treatment on pathogenesis of this infection, a similar protocol to that described above was used.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Cytomegalovirus infection of humans (HCMV) is manifested by a variety of disease patterns including: (i) an intrauterine infection involving multiple organ systems (6); (ii) a chronic infection affecting cells of the peripheral blood, kidney, liver, or lung in patients with depressed host resistance associated with some underlying disease process or immunosuppressive therapy (5,10); (iii) a mononucleosis-like syndrome in patients perfused with large amounts of fresh, whole blood (14); and (iv) an asymptomatic infection of either children or adults (25). From 1 to 3% of all infants born in the United States have evidence of HCMV infection during the neonatal period (7,24).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of Cytosine Arabinoside and 5-Iodo-2′-Deoxyuridine on a Cytomegalovirus Infection in Newborn Mice

Kelsey

Kern²,

Overall³

et al. 1976

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Murine cytomegalovirus was inhibited by 0.6 to 1.2 ug of cytosine arabinoside per ml and by 0.3 to 0.6 ,ug of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine in mouse embryo fibroblast cells. Human cytomegalovirus was inhibited by similar concentrations of the two drugs in WI-38 cells. Intraperitoneal inoculation of suckling mice with 104 5 plaque-forming units of murine cytomegalovirus provides a model for disseminated human cytomegalovirus infection in human newborn infants and is characterized by a widespread infection involving the liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and brain with a 70 to 90% mortality in 7 to 9 days. Treatment with 12.5 mg of cytosine arabinoside per kg or 25 mg of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine per kg twice daily for 8 days had no effect on final mortality or the pathogenesis of the infection with the exception of reduced viral titers in the spleen of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine-treated animals. These data indicate that neither cytosine arabinoside nor 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine are effective in the treatment of murine cytomegalovirus infections in suckling mice and suggest that they may be of limited value in the treatment of severe cytomegalovirus infections in human neonates.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cytosine Arabinoside and 5-Iodo-2′-Deoxyuridine on a Cytomegalovirus Infection in Newborn Mice

Kelsey

Kern²,

Overall³

et al. 1976

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…In fact, the age at which primary CMV infection occurs is much younger in developing countries than in developed countries (12, 13). Race, sex, sexual activity, and blood group are also suggested to be factors of significance in the prevalence of CMV infection (6, 7,15,16,18,19).CMV infection is usually asymptomatic in normal hosts. However, CMV may produce severe diseases in fetuses and immunocompromised hosts (2,9,14,20).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Cytomegalovirus Antibodies in Brazilian and Japanese Populations in the North‐East of Brazil

Linhares

Andrade

Tateno

et al. 1989

Microbiology and Immunology

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The serological status to cytomegalovirus (CMV) was examined for 616 Brazilians and 399 Japanese immigrants living in the North-East of Brazil. The sera were screened for IgG antibodies to CMV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The overall prevalence of CMV antibodies was higher in the Japanese population (83.7%) than in the Brazilian population (69.8%). The seropositivity was analyzed by factors of age, sex, ethnic background, and socioeconomic status. Mother-baby contact seems to be a factor of significance in the seroepidemiology of CMV infection.Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus which exclusively infects humans. CMV can spread vertically as well as horizontally. Because CMV is unstable in the environment, close or intimate contact is required for its spread. Sources of CMV include saliva, urine, tears, breast milk, cervical excretions, semen, and blood. Thus, seroepidemiological features of CMV infection reflect the hygienic practice or the way of life of the population. Generally, socioeconomic status is a major determinant of the prevalence of CMV infection. In fact, the age at which primary CMV infection occurs is much younger in developing countries than in developed countries (12, 13). Race, sex, sexual activity, and blood group are also suggested to be factors of significance in the prevalence of CMV infection (6, 7,15,16,18,19).CMV infection is usually asymptomatic in normal hosts. However, CMV may produce severe diseases in fetuses and immunocompromised hosts (2,9,14,20). Since symptomatic CMV infections mostly occur in seronegative individuals, serological status of a population is of great importance. In Brazil, a serological survey revealed that 47% of Brazilians of 0 to 60 years of age in Sao Paulo in the South of Brazil were positive for CMV antibodies (3). However, this survey was done by the relatively insensitive complement fixation (CF) test. In the present study, we determined the serological status to CMV of healthy individuals in the North-East of Brazil by sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Subjects included Brazilians and Japanese immigrants living in Recife and other

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“…This percentage is higher than Stern & Elek (1965) From Fig. 2 it can be seen that the initial HI titres of the patients do appear reasonably similar to those of the normal individuals.…”

Section: Incidence Of Antibody In Patientsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Cytomegalovirus antibody production in renal transplant patients

Nagington

1971

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYSera were examined from 50 patients on the renal transplant unit, Cambridge, for antibody against cytomegalovirus by complement fixation and by immunofluorescence for IgG and IgM antibodies.The incidence of antibody on admission was 84 % with a possible further 8 % so that nearly all had been infected at some time by CMV. 43 (86 %) patients showed evidence of active infection after admission, 39 by serology and four only from the examination of post-mortem material.Twenty-one patients produced IgM antibody and production was prolonged for years in patients that survived. Antibody production was related both to transplantation and admission to hospital.The evidence indicated that primary CMV infections were rare, that IgM antibody production was the result of active infection and that this could be attributed to reactivation without the need to invoke re-infection as the source although this type of patient is both susceptible and exposed to re-infection.

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The incidence of infection with cytomegalovirus in a normal population: A serological study in Greater London

Cited by 176 publications

References 18 publications

Effect of Cytosine Arabinoside and 5-Iodo-2′-Deoxyuridine on a Cytomegalovirus Infection in Newborn Mice

Effect of Cytosine Arabinoside and 5-Iodo-2′-Deoxyuridine on a Cytomegalovirus Infection in Newborn Mice

Prevalence of Cytomegalovirus Antibodies in Brazilian and Japanese Populations in the North‐East of Brazil

Cytomegalovirus antibody production in renal transplant patients

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