The Incidence of Muscle Abnormalities in Broiler Breast Meat –
                    A Review

Huang, Xi; Ahn, Dong U.

doi:10.5851/kosfa.2018.e2

Cited by 50 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 85 publications

(138 reference statements)

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“…The extreme hypertrophy in modern broiler chickens has limited space for capillaries in the perimysial connective tissues that result in a poor vascularization (Alnahhas et al, 2016). Hence, a reduction in oxygen and increase in waste products lead to severe oxidative stress and inflammation in the muscle end in myopathies such as WB, spaghetti meat, or white striping (Huang and Ahn, 2018). These changes have been confirmed by RNA-seq analysis, microscopic and biochemical studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue and Bone Mineralization on Broiler Chickens Affected by Wooden Breast Myopathy

et al. 2019

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In humans, alterations in bone metabolism have been associated with myopathies. We postulate the hypothesis that perhaps similar pathologies can also be associated in modern chickens. Hence, this study aimed to assess the fat infiltration in bone marrow and its repercussion on broiler chicken affected by Wooden Breast (WB) myopathy. Ten Cobb 500 live birds with extreme rigidity of the Pectoralis major (PM) muscle were selected as WB affected chickens by physical examination of the muscle at 49 days of age, whereas ten chickens healthy with no physical signs of hardness in the breast muscle were considered to be unaffected. Macroscopic lesions in affected chickens included areas of firm and inflamed muscle with pale appearance, hemorrhaging, and viscous exudate on the surface. Bone marrow and sections of the PM muscle were collected and analyzed for light microscopy. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy was conducted in affected or unaffected muscle. Chickens affected with WB showed significant reductions ( P < 0.05) in femur diameter, calcium, and phosphorous percentage but increased breast weight, compression force and filet thickness when compared with non-affected chickens. Interestingly, bone marrow from WB chicken had subjectively, more abundant infiltration of adipose tissue, when compared with non-affected chickens. Histology of the Pectoralis major of birds with WB showed abundant infiltration of adipose tissue, muscle fibers degeneration with necrosis and infiltration of heterophils and mononuclear cells, connective tissue proliferation, and vasculitis. Ultrastructural changes of WB muscle revealed lack definition of bands in muscle tissue, or any normal ultrastructural anatomy such as myofibrils. The endomysium components were necrotic, and in some areas, the endomysium was notable only as a string of necrotic tissue between degraded myofibrils. The fascia appeared hypertrophied, with large areas of necrosis and myofiber without structural identity with degraded mitochondria adjacent to the disrupted muscle tissue. As far as we know, this is the first study that describes a subjective increase in adipose tissue in the bone marrow of chickens affected with WB when compared with non-affected chickens, and reduced bone mineralization.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue and Bone Mineralization on Broiler Chickens Affected by Wooden Breast Myopathy

et al. 2019

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“…However, in broilers, the breast muscle in particular has been subject to rapid changes in size and conformation over the past few decades due to the artificial selection pressures applied by the commercial poultry industry [59]. This has resulted in a number of abnormalities and myopathies of the breast muscle that is estimated to affect up to 90% of broilers worldwide [60][61][62]. In fact, broiler breast muscle cells were suggested to constantly undergo hypoxic stress, as the transcriptional profiles of non-stressed broiler breast muscle and heat-stressed layer breast muscle were similar [63].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryonic Thermal Manipulation Affects the Antioxidant Response to Post-Hatch Thermal Exposure in Broiler Chickens

Saleh

Tarkhan

Al‐Zghoul

2020

Animals

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Thermal stress is a major source of oxidative damage in the broiler chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) due to the latter’s impaired metabolic function. While heat stress has been extensively studied in broilers, the effects of cold stress on broiler physiologic and oxidative function are still relatively unknown. The present study aimed to understand how thermal manipulation (TM) might affect a broiler’s oxidative response to post-hatch thermal stress in terms of the mRNA expression of the catalase, NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) genes. During embryonic days 10 to 18, TM was carried out by raising the temperature to 39 °C at 65% relative humidity for 18 h/day. To induce heat stress, room temperature was raised from 21 to 35 °C during post-hatch days (PD) 28 to 35, while cold stress was induced during PD 32 to 37 by lowering the room temperature from 21 to 16 °C. At the end of the thermal stress periods, a number of chickens were euthanized to extract hepatic and splenic tissue from the heat-stressed group and cardiac, hepatic, muscular, and splenic tissue from the cold-stressed group. Catalase, NOX4, and SOD2 expression in the heart, liver, and spleen were decreased in TM chickens compared to controls after both cold and heat stress. In contrast, the expression levels of these genes in the breast muscles of the TM group were increased or not affected. Moreover, TM chicks possessed an increased body weight (BW) and decreased cloacal temperature (TC) compared to controls on PD 37. In addition, TM led to increased BW and lower TC after both cold and heat stress. Conclusively, our findings suggest that TM has a significant effect on the oxidative function of thermally stressed broilers.

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“…The reduction in excess deposition of cross-linked collagen in extracellular matrix could be a mechanistic target and another approach to intervene and control the WB myopathy issue. The presence of collagen within physiological limits may be essential for providing structural support and prevent the occurrence of other myopathies such as spaghetti muscle ( Baldi et al., 2018 ; Huang and Ahn, 2018 ). This can be achieved by either reducing intracellular synthesis or increasing intracellular degradation of collagen peptides especially at an earlier age during broiler grow-out because more collagen synthesis is occurring at that time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo collagen and mixed muscle protein turnover in 2 meat-type broiler strains in relation to woody breast myopathy

Maharjan¹,

Weil²,

Beitia³

et al. 2020

Poultry Science

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Two meat-type broiler strains, strain A and strain B, were reared in floor pens (25 birds/pen; 45 pens/strain) for pectoralis (P) major collagen and mixed muscle protein turnover ( PT ) study from 0–56 D using primary breeder nutrition and husbandry guidelines. Forty broilers (n = 10/strain for collagen PT; n = 10/strain for mixed muscle PT) were selected at each sampling age at day 21, 28, 35, 42, and 56 and infused with 1- 13 C proline ( Pro ) and 15 N-phenylalanine ( Phe ) which are used as amino acid tracers for collagen and mixed muscle PT measurements, respectively. Muscle and plasma samples were collected, and enrichments of 1- 13 C Pro and 15 N-Phe were determined using mass spectrometry. Fractional synthesis rate ( FSR ) and fractional degradation rate ( FDR ) were measured for collagen and mixed muscle using precursor-product principle. At day 42, after separating the sampled broilers as myopathy (woody breast [ WB ] score > 1) and nonmyopathy (WB = 0), plasma metabolites were screened for differential 3-methyhistidine ( 3-MH ) expression for both strains. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA using t test. Results showed that collagen and mixed muscle FSR and FDR in pectoralis major decreased ( P < 0.05) for both strains as the broilers aged. FSR for collagen and FDR for mixed muscle were higher for strain B than those for strain A ( P < 0.05). Total collagen was higher ( P < 0.05) for strain B. Differentially expressed 3-MH in plasma was higher ( P < 0.05) for myopathy-affected broilers indicating greater muscle degradation occurring in myopathy-affected broiler types for both strains. 3-MH Expression in plasma was higher for strain B than for strain A. The research findings showing an increased collagen content per unit muscle weight in pectoralis major in strain B (than in strain A) could be due to higher mixed muscle FDR and increased collagen FSR occurring during the grow-out period. The increased degradation of muscle fibers and probable replacement of muscle-specific protein with connective tissue, mainly collagen, was an evident pathophysiological phenomenon occurring in myopathy-affected broilers.

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The Incidence of Muscle Abnormalities in Broiler Breast Meat – A Review

Cited by 50 publications

References 85 publications

Evaluation of Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue and Bone Mineralization on Broiler Chickens Affected by Wooden Breast Myopathy

Evaluation of Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue and Bone Mineralization on Broiler Chickens Affected by Wooden Breast Myopathy

Embryonic Thermal Manipulation Affects the Antioxidant Response to Post-Hatch Thermal Exposure in Broiler Chickens

In vivo collagen and mixed muscle protein turnover in 2 meat-type broiler strains in relation to woody breast myopathy

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