The Incidence of Sanctions Against Employers of Illegal Aliens

The Brain Drain: A Survey of the Literature

“…According to similar topics, there is the work of Bryce-Laporte (1972) which remarks the inequalities between white and non-white migrants of the second generations and the fact that these last ones are non sufficient integrated in the American society like the Western migrants. Finally, between the 1980s and the 1990s, the Black BD is studied in the papers of Miller (1981), Dookhan (1981), Elmore & Blackburn (1983), Pierre & 11 Regard the illegal migration there are the papers of Agarwal & Winkler (1985), Wilfred (1986), Hill & Pearce (1990) [they analyse the incidence of the sanctions versus who employs illegal workers], Penaloza (1994) [he studies the Mexican migrants and their integration in USA] and of Chau (2001) [he analyses the political reforms fixed to prevent the illegal migration]. Regard the Medical sector, there are the works of Last (1963Last ( , 1969 Mills (1986) [international mobility of Russian researchers and scientists in the Gorbachev's Age].…”

“…Finally, in the 1980s and 1990s, some authors analyse the delicate problem of illegal migration. For example, we have the papers of Lundahl (1985), Wilfred (1986) and Hill & Pearce (1990). In these works emerges the exigency of an international coordination to avoid this problem.…”

Employer sanctions, and the welfare of native workers

“…Needless to add, the new regulations are especially costly in industries with short-term contracts, with high turnover, and with Studies of the impact of employer sanctions on the welfare of native workers do not yield an unequivocal verdict. For example, in the general equilibrium model of Hill and Pearce (1990), employer sanctions can make employers more reluctant to employ workers at all; the fear of employing illegal migrants can decrease the wages and/or employment of natives or of legal migrants when the risk that an illegal will "slip through" the recruitment procedure is taken into account. Katz and Stark (1985) derived the same result albeit in a partial equilibrium setting.…”

Unauthorized Mexican Workers in the 1990 Los Angeles County Labour Force

“…Moreover, although others have made estimates of this population (Bean et al, 1984;Bean et al, 1988;Hill and Pearce, 1990;Woodrow-Lafield, 1993;and Warren, 1994), they have done so in a relatively general manner. No prior research, except for Heer et al (1992) has examined the over-or underrepresentation of UMs in specific occupational, industrial and class of worker categories in comparison with other ERGs which comprise the total labour force.…”

“…While our research is similar in some respects to earlier work (Southern California Association of Governments, 1984;Muller and Espenshade, 1985;Manson et al, 1985;McCarthy and Valdez, 1986;Bean et al, 1988;Espenshade and Goodis, 1988;Heer, 1990a + b, andHeer et al, 1992), it is unique in being the first in the 1990s to estimate the UM population from survey data; separating UMs from legal Mexican immigrants at the individual level; and inquiring directly into the validity of contemporary restrictionist immigration sentiment based upon labour market competition with UMs. Moreover, although others have made estimates of this population (Bean et al, 1984;Bean et al, 1988;Hill and Pearce, 1990;Woodrow-Lafield, 1993;and Warren, 1994), they have done so in a relatively general manner. No prior research, except for Heer et al (1992) has examined the over-or underrepresentation of UMs in specific occupational, industrial and class of worker categories in comparison with other ERGs which comprise the total labour force.…”