The incidence of type 2 diabetes in the United Kingdom from 1991 to 2010

Holden, Sarah E.; Barnett, Anthony; Peters, John R.; Jenkins‐Jones, Sara; Poole, Chris; Morgan, Christopher L.; Currie, Craig John

doi:10.1111/dom.12123

Cited by 102 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This finding suggests that either the incidence of RA has decreased more significantly, and is being masked by a change in disease classification criteria, or that physicians are slow to adapt to changes in nomenclature and classification systems. We do not believe that the reduction in the incidence of RA over time is due to the exclusion of previous incident cases, as this phenomenon would have resulted in a reduction in the incidence of other diseases such as gout [35] and type 2 diabetes for which the incidence in the CPRD has remained stable and risen, respectively [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheumatoid arthritis is getting less frequent—results of a nationwide population-based cohort study

et al. 2017

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Objectives. The objectives of this study were to examine changes in the incidence and prevalence of RA between 1990 and 2014 and to explore if there is any geographic variation in the incidence and prevalence of RA in the UK.Methods. This was a primary carebased prospective cohort study. People contributing acceptable data to Clinical Practice Research Datalink between 1 January 1990 and 31 December 2014 were included. Read codes were used to identify RA cases 518 years of age. The prevalence and incidence rates for each year were standardized to the 2014 population and the regional incidence and prevalence of RA for the year 2014 were standardized to the overall population.Results. The incidence and prevalence of RA was 3.81/10 000 person-years and 0.67%, respectively, in 2014. The annual incidence of RA decreased by 1.6% (95% CI 0.8, 2.5) between 1990 and 2014, with significant joinpoints at 1994 and 2002. The prevalence of RA increased by 3.7%/year (95% CI 3.2, 4.1) from 1990 to 2005 and decreased by 1.1%/year (95% CI 2.0, 0.2) between 2005 and 2014. There were significant differences in the occurrence of RA throughout different regions of the UK, with the highest incidence in East Midlands, Yorkshire and Humber and the highest prevalence in North East, Yorkshire and Humber.Conclusion. The incidence of RA is decreasing, with a reduction in prevalence in recent years. There is significant geographic variation in the occurrence of RA in the UK. Further research is required to identify the reasons underlying this phenomenon so that public health interventions can be designed to further reduce the incidence of RA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheumatoid arthritis is getting less frequent—results of a nationwide population-based cohort study

et al. 2017

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“…The high incidence of type 2 diabetes in this population is higher than several rates reported around the globe. Considering studies which reported whole population data without splitting by sex, the pooled incidence rate of diabetes was reported to be 9.6 per 1000 person-years in Japan [20], 7.6 per 1000 person-years in the Bruneck study of Italy [21], 10.8 per 1000 person-years in the Asturias Study of Spain [22] and 5.15 per 1000 population in the United Kingdom [23]; however, the reported incidence rate of diabetes in an urban normal glucose tolerant population of India was 20.2 per 1000 person years which is extremely higher than our population [24]. Indeed, as previously reported in TLGS, during 1999–2008, the prevalence of obesity increased 33 and 23% in men and women respectively, and abdominal obesity during this period showed an increase of 71% in men and 9% in women [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Specific Incidence Rates of Type 2 Diabetes and Its Risk Factors over 9 Years of Follow-Up: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

et al. 2014

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ObjectiveTo investigate the population-based incidence of type 2 diabetes and its potential risk factors in a sex-split cohort of Iranian population. Materials and MethodsA total of 8400 non-diabetic participants, aged ≥20 years (3620 men and 4780 women) entered the study. Crude and age standardized incidence rates per 1000 person-years were calculated for whole population and each sex separately. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals for all potential risk factors in both uni-variable and multivariable models.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 9.5 years, 736 new cases of diabetes were identified, including 433 women and 303 men. The annual crude and age-standardized incidence rates (95% CI) of diabetes in the total population were 10.6 (9.92–11.4) and 9.94 (7.39–13.6) per 1000 person-years of follow-up and the corresponding sex specific rates were 10.2 (9.13–11.4) and 9.36 (5.84–14.92) in men and 11.0 (9.99–12.0) and 10.1 (7.24–13.9) in women, respectively. In the multivariable model, the risk for incident diabetes was significantly associated with fasting and 2 hour post challenge plasma glucose as well as family history of diabetes in both men and women. However, among women, only the contribution of wrist circumference to incident diabetes achieved statistical significance [HR: 1.16 (1.03–1.31)] with waist/height ratio being marginally significant [HR: 1.02 (0.99–1.04)]; while among men, only body mass index was a significant predictor [HR: 1.12 (1.02–1.22)]. Additionally, low education level conferred a higher risk for incident diabetes only among men [HR: 1.80 (1.23–2.36); P for interaction with sex = 0.003].ConclusionOverall, sex did not significantly modify the impact of risk factors associated with diabetes among Iranian adults; however, among modifiable risk factors, the independent role of lower education and general adiposity in men and central adiposity in women might require different preventive strategies.

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“…The reasons for our change in practice are related to published data suggesting an association between maternal BMI and birth defects and the association between a raised BMI and GDM. An increase in sedentary living, poor diet and obesity in the UK and USA has contributed to the increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes and with an earlier age of onset [28]. Associations have been made between maternal BMI at conception, pre gestational insulin resistance and an increased incidence of birth defects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Gestational Diabetes and Fetal Congenital Heart Disease: An Observational Study

Sharland¹

2015

J Preg Child Health

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The incidence of type 2 diabetes in the United Kingdom from 1991 to 2010

Abstract: There was a significant increase in the incidence of diagnosed type 2 diabetes between 1991 and 2010 and the proportion of people diagnosed at a relatively early age has increased markedly.

Cited by 102 publications

References 28 publications

Rheumatoid arthritis is getting less frequent—results of a nationwide population-based cohort study

Rheumatoid arthritis is getting less frequent—results of a nationwide population-based cohort study

Sex Specific Incidence Rates of Type 2 Diabetes and Its Risk Factors over 9 Years of Follow-Up: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Maternal Gestational Diabetes and Fetal Congenital Heart Disease: An Observational Study

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