Thermoelectric composites are known for their enhanced
power conversion
performance via interfacial engineering and intensified mechanical,
structural, and thermal properties. However, the selection of these
nanoinclusions, for example, their type, size effect, volume fraction,
distribution uniformity, coherency with host, carrier dynamics, and
physical stability, plays a crucial role in modifying the host material
thermoelectric properties. In this Review, we classify the nanoinclusions
into five types: carbon allotropes, secondary thermoelectric phases,
metallic materials, insulating oxides, and others. On the basis of
the classification, we discuss the mechanisms involved in improving
the ZT of nanocomposites involving reduction of thermal
conductivity (κ) by phonon scattering, improving the Seebeck
coefficient (α) via energy filtering effect and the electrical
conductivity (σ) by carrier injection or carrier channeling.
Comprehensibly, we validate that adding nanoinclusions with high electrical
and low thermal conductivity as compared to the matrix material is
the best way to optimize the interlocked thermoelectric parameters.
Thus, collective doping and nanoinclusions in thermoelectric materials
is the best possible solution to achieve a higher power conversion
efficiency equivalent to other renewable energy technologies.