“…In Central Asia, Turkmenistan (2005), Kyrgyzstan (2006), and Kazakhstan (2007) all adopted a flat tax at an equal statutory rate of 10%. Even in the exceptional postcommunist countries where flat tax campaigns never succeeded, namely Slovenia and Poland, there was a partial flattening of personal income taxes in 2007 and 2009, respectively (Majcen, Verbic, & Cok, 2007, p. 9; OECD, 2008, p. 14).…”