The increase of osteopontin and β‐carboxy‐terminal cross‐linking telopeptide of type I collagen enhances the risk of hip fracture in the elderly

Abstract

Background: Hip fracture in the elderly is a health burden worldwide due to its high mortality rate. This study was conducted to determine the possible mechanisms of osteopontin (OPN) and β-carboxy-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX) in hip fracture in the elderly. Materials and Methods:In the study, we recruited 108 elderly patients with hip fracture diagnosed from May 2012 to May 2015 at the Third Hospital of Xiamen and 86 healthy individuals without a history of hip fracture were taken as controls. Serum levels of OPN and β-CTX were then determined. The T and Z values for bone mineral density (BMD) were also measured. Moreover, logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the risk and protective factors for hip fracture in the elderly.Results: Serum levels of both OPN and β-CTX were increased in elderly patients with hip fracture. OPN was positively correlated with β-CTX. In addition, the levels of OPN and β-CTX shared a positive association with the age, and a negative association with the BMD, in terms of T and Z values of the hip. In addition, increased BMD and outdoor sports might be protective factors for hip fracture, and an increase in levels of OPN and β-CTX might be associated with a higher risk of hip fracture in the elderly population. Discussion:Collectively, increased serum levels of OPN and β-CTX might be correlated with a higher risk of a hip fracture and have predictive values in the occurrence of hip fracture in the elderly. K E Y W O R D Sbone mineral density, hip fracture in the elderly, osteopontin, β-carboxy-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen

Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Risk Factors Associated with Fragility Hip Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…In this meta-analysis, a history of prior fractures had the third highest association with future hip fractures among all risk factors studied (OR 3.16; 95% CI 2.08, 4.80) (Figure 10). This is consistent with most studies, which report that previous fractures are among the strongest risk factors for future hip injury [6,14,17,29,[40][41][42]46,54,61,67,68,86]. However, some studies report that a history of prior falls is more useful as a predictor of hip fracture for patients older than 80 years, while a history of prior fractures is a superior marker for those under 80 [14].…”

“…This finding aligns with earlier research highlighting decreased BMD with advancing age and heightened susceptibility to fractures among older, more vulnerable groups. Although a previous study by Turner et al [64] delineated age over 65 as a threshold associated with significantly higher hip fracture risk, recent publications by Al-algawy et al [11] and Lin et al [42] did not observe a significant association between the age 65 and hip fracture; the pooled data from the current meta-analysis further confirms this, revealing that age over 65 is not significantly associated with hip fractures (pooled OR 1.66; 95% Although a previous study by Turner et al [64] delineated age over 65 as a threshold associated with significantly higher hip fracture risk, recent publications by Al-algawy et al [11] and Lin et al [42] did not observe a significant association between the age 65 and hip fracture; the pooled data from the current meta-analysis further confirms this, revealing that age over 65 is not significantly associated with hip fractures (pooled OR 1.66; 95% CI 0.40 to 6.96; p = 0.49) [11,42,64]. Notably, an intriguing pattern emerged when analyzing recent studies.…”

“…Box and whiskers represent each study with its 95% confidence interval and the green diamond represents the overall effect size. The red line serves as a reference point (OR = 1) against which the effects of individual studies are compared[6,11,18,20,22,23,27,[38][39][40]42,43,47,48,51,52,55,56,63,69,71].…”

Preoperative risk factors for postoperative blood transfusion after hip fracture surgery: establishment of a nomogram

“…The disability and death rates of hip fractures are high. Patients with a hip fracture will suffer a loss of independent living ability, which has caused a significant burden to family members and society [ 3 ].…”