The increasing importance of leading edge erosion and a review of existing protection solutions

Herring, Robbie; Dyer, Kirsten; Martin, Ffion; Ward, Carwyn

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109382

Cited by 127 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…assumptions regarding the size distribution, occurrence and terminal velocities of hail (Dessens et al, 2015;Allen et al, 2017;Heymsfield et al, 2014). The evolution of the NWS radar network to dual polarization provides an unprecedented opportunity for spatial estimates of hail presence and size in clouds (Kumjian et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, hail production is a complex and incompletely understood phenomenon (Dennis and Kumjian, 2017;Blair et al, 2017;Pruppacher and Klett, 2010). There are substantial event-to-event variations in the size distribution and density of hail stones (Heymsfield et al, 2014), in the presence of solid-phase hydrometeors in clouds (as detected by radar) and the occurrence of hail at the ground . Estimates of hail occurrence, size distribution and terminal fall velocity presented herein are likely conserva- Figure 8.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Industrial experience has demonstrated that exposure to particularly harsh operating conditions can erode coatings causing partial delamination after as little as 2-3 years (Rempel, 2012;Keegan et al, 2013). Elastomeric coatings can be applied for additional erosion resistance (Dalili et al, 2009;Valaker et al, 2015;Herring et al, 2019). However, the life of such coatings cannot be predicted accurately (and is a function of UV exposure; Shokrieh and Bayat, 2007); they have a negative impact on blade aerodynamics (Giguère and Selig, 1999) and their cost effectiveness is uncertain (Dashtkar et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introduction and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radar-derived precipitation climatology for wind turbine blade leading edge erosion

2020

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Wind turbine blade leading edge erosion (LEE) is a potentially significant source of revenue loss for wind farm operators. Thus, it is important to advance understanding of the underlying causes, to generate geospatial estimates of erosion potential to provide guidance in pre-deployment planning, and ultimately to advance methods to mitigate this effect and extend blade lifetimes. This study focuses on the second issue and presents a novel approach to characterizing the erosion potential across the contiguous USA based solely on publicly available data products from the National Weather Service dual-polarization radar. The approach is described in detail and illustrated using six locations distributed across parts of the USA that have substantial wind turbine deployments. Results from these locations demonstrate the high spatial variability in precipitationinduced erosion potential, illustrate the importance of low-probability high-impact events to cumulative annual total kinetic energy transfer and emphasize the importance of hail as a damage vector.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radar-derived precipitation climatology for wind turbine blade leading edge erosion

2020

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“…According to Chen et al (2019) the most expensive and most time-consuming process within maintenance of wind turbines is blade repair. Durable leading edge coatings are not yet available (Herring et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief communication: Nowcasting of precipitation for leading edge erosion-safe mode

Tilg¹,

Hasager²,

Kirtzel³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Leading edge erosion (LEE) of wind turbine blades is caused by the impact of hydrometeors, which appear in solid or liquid phase. A reduction of the wind turbine blades’ tip speed during severe precipitation events can mitigate LEE. To apply such an erosion-safe mode, a precipitation nowcast is required. Theoretical considerations indicate that the time a raindrop needs to fall to the ground is sufficient to reduce the tip speed. Furthermore, it is described that a compact vertical pointing radar that measures rain in different heights with a sufficient high spatio-temporal resolution can nowcast rain for an erosion-safe mode.

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“…According to Chen et al (2019), the most expensive and most time-consuming process within maintenance of wind turbines is blade repair. Durable leading-edge coatings are not yet available (Herring et al, 2019). Bech et al (2018) propose to reduce the tip speed during severe precipitation events to mitigate the effect of impacting hydrometeors on the leading edge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief communication: Nowcasting of precipitation for leading-edge-erosion-safe mode

Tilg

Hasager

Kirtzel³

et al. 2020

Wind Energ. Sci.

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Abstract. Leading-edge erosion (LEE) of wind turbine blades is caused by the impact of hydrometeors, which appear in a solid or liquid phase. A reduction in the wind turbine blades' tip speed during defined precipitation events can mitigate LEE. To apply such an erosion-safe mode, a precipitation nowcast is required. Theoretical considerations indicate that the time a raindrop needs to fall to the ground is sufficient to reduce the tip speed. Furthermore, it is described that a compact, vertically pointing radar that measures rain at different heights with a sufficiently high spatio-temporal resolution can nowcast rain for an erosion-safe mode.

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The increasing importance of leading edge erosion and a review of existing protection solutions

Cited by 127 publications

References 27 publications

Radar-derived precipitation climatology for wind turbine blade leading edge erosion

Radar-derived precipitation climatology for wind turbine blade leading edge erosion

Brief communication: Nowcasting of precipitation for leading edge erosion-safe mode

Brief communication: Nowcasting of precipitation for leading-edge-erosion-safe mode

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