The increasing racial disparity in infant mortality rates: Composition and contributors to recent US trends

Alexander, Greg R.; Wingate, Martha S.; Bader, Deren; Kogan, Michael D.

doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2007.06.006

Cited by 93 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…First, and not surprisingly, infant mortality is highly correlated with social inequality, primarily in the form of income and racial stratification [3,[22][23][24][25]. Concentrated socioeconomic disadvantage has been well documented to create a standard of living that threatens the welfare of families and the well-being of children [26]. Poverty constricts resources that might otherwise be used to promote preventive and, quite significantly in this case, prenatal health care.…”

Section: Infant Mortality: Summary Of Key Antecedentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Religion and Infant Mortality in the U.S.: A Preliminary Study of Denominational Variations

Bartkowski

Garcia

2011

Religions

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Abstract:Prior research has identified a number of antecedents to infant mortality, but has been focused on either structural (demographic) forces or medical (public health) factors, both of which ignore potential cultural influences. Our study introduces a cultural model for explaining variations in infant mortality, one focused on the role of community-level religious factors. A key impetus for our study is well-established religious variations in adult mortality at the community level. Seeking to extend the growing body of research on contextual-level effects of religion, this study examines the impact of religious ecology (i.e., the institutional market share of particular denominational traditions) on county-level infant mortality in the U.S. Analyses of congregational census and Kids Count data reveal that a high prevalence of Catholic and most types of conservative Protestant churches are associated with lower rates of infant mortality when compared with counties that feature fewer Catholic and conservative Protestant congregations. However, communities with a large proportion of Pentecostal churches exhibit significantly higher infant mortality rates. After discussing the implications of these findings, we specify various directions for future research.

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Section: Infant Mortality: Summary Of Key Antecedentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Religion and Infant Mortality in the U.S.: A Preliminary Study of Denominational Variations

Bartkowski

Garcia

2011

Religions

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“…Moreover, maternal race/ethnicity may further modify the risk of childhood mortality for gestational age and size at birth combinations. Among infants without birth defects, nonHispanic (NH) black infants are more likely to be born preterm, low birth weight, SGA, and die before their first birthday than NH-white infants (Blackmore et al, 1993; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1994;Alexander et al, 1999;Buekens et al, 2000;Alexander et al, 2008) whereas Hispanic infants are not (Khoury et al, 1988;Mili et al, 1991;Rasmussen et al, 2001;Malik et al, 2007). Among infants with birth defects, NH-black infants are shown to have higher rates of mortality during infancy and childhood than NH-whites (Malcoe et al, 1999;Wong and Paulozzi, 2001;Berger et al, 2003;Siffel et al, 2003;Yang et al, 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Mortality among infants with birth defects: Joint effects of size at birth, gestational age, and maternal race/ethnicity

Nembhard

Salemi

Ethen

et al. 2010

Birth Defects Research

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“…Research funding allocations that adhere to the recommendations of the IOM report could perpetuate the widening gap by recommending a concentration on clinical research to improve therapies that can be used in prenatal care and to improve clinical care for premature infants. These strategies have historically resulted in differential improvements in survival of highrisk white infants and a rising disparity between black and white infants (3,27,28).…”

Section: Wwwannualreviewsorg • Infant Mortality Disparities and Carementioning

confidence: 99%

Disparities in Infant Mortality and Effective, Equitable Care: Are Infants Suffering from Benign Neglect?

Rowley

Hogan

2012

Annu. Rev. Public Health

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Quality care for infant mortality disparity elimination requires services that improve health status at both the individual and the population level. We examine disparity reduction due to effective care and ask the following question: Has clinical care ameliorated factors that make some populations more likely to have higher rates of infant mortality compared with other populations? Disparities in postneonatal mortality due to birth defects have emerged for non-Hispanic black and Hispanic infants. Surfactant and antenatal steroid therapy have been accompanied by growing disparities in respiratory distress syndrome mortality for black infants. Progesterone therapy has not reduced early preterm birth, the major contributor to mortality disparities among non-Hispanic black and Puerto Rican infants. The Back to Sleep campaign has minimally reduced SIDS disparities among American Indian/Alaska Native infants, but it has not reduced disparities among non-Hispanic black infants. In general, clinical care is not equitable and contributes to increasing disparities.

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The increasing racial disparity in infant mortality rates: Composition and contributors to recent US trends

Cited by 93 publications

References 28 publications

Religion and Infant Mortality in the U.S.: A Preliminary Study of Denominational Variations

Religion and Infant Mortality in the U.S.: A Preliminary Study of Denominational Variations

Mortality among infants with birth defects: Joint effects of size at birth, gestational age, and maternal race/ethnicity

Disparities in Infant Mortality and Effective, Equitable Care: Are Infants Suffering from Benign Neglect?

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