The Increasing Role of Fractography in the Dental Community

Quinn, Janet B.; Scherrer, Susanne S.; Quinn, George D.

doi:10.1002/9781118144152.ch20

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…A composite score combining the distal and proximal fracture surfaces was used in data analyses. giving rise to features like bone hackle as the fracture propagates, often producing the cantilever curl feature at the site of termination [7,8]. These assessments were confirmed with the analysis of the overall fracture pattern, high-speed videos of the fracture experiments, and the DIC analyses of surface stress and strain.…”

Section: Fractographic Analysismentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Christensen et al [7] noted the bone mirror region is “indicative of planar crack growth radiating rapidly outward from the origin. Adjacent to the mirror zone, a mist region marks where micro‐steps begin to develop in the crack front due to its rapid motion.” This speed causes deviations from the fracture plane, giving rise to features like bone hackle as the fracture propagates, often producing the cantilever curl feature at the site of termination [7, 8]. These assessments were confirmed with the analysis of the overall fracture pattern, high‐speed videos of the fracture experiments, and the DIC analyses of surface stress and strain.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Recent studies have demonstrated that fracture surface failure analysis (fractography) reliably indicates fracture initiation site and direction of crack propagation in fractured materials [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Fractography assesses material failure using fracture surface features, crack propagation, fracture patterns, and fragment size and shape [4,8,9]. Christensen and colleagues [2,7,10] used fractography principles to analyze human long bone fractures and documented features that reliably indicate the point of fracture nucleation and direction of propagation, including bone mirror, arrest ridges, bone hackle, wake features, and cantilever curl.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…to determine directionality of fracture propagation and crack nucleation[7,10,40]. The fracture nucleation site is associated with bone mirror, which is delineated by a smooth region surrounding and centered at the origination of the fracture[2,4,8,41]. Christensen et al[7] noted the bone mirror region is "indicative of planar crack growth radiating rapidly outward from the origin.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do bone elasticity and postmortem interval affect forensic fractographic analyses?

Skinner

Langley

Joseph

et al. 2023

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Forensic fractographic features of bone reliably establish crack propagation in perimortem injuries. We investigated if similar fracture surface features characterize postmortem fractures. Experimentally induced peri‐ and postmortem fractures were used to assess if fractographic features vary as bone elasticity decreases during the postmortem interval (PMI). Thirty‐seven unembalmed, defleshed human femoral shafts from males and females aged 33–81 years were fractured at varying PMIs with a drop test frame using a three‐point bending setup and recorded with a high‐speed camera. Vital statistics, cause of death, PMI length, temperature, humidity, collagen percentage, water loss, fracture energy, and fractography scores were recorded for each sample. Results showed that fractographic features associated with perimortem fractures were expressed in PMIs up to 40,600 accumulated degree hours (ADH), or 60 warm weather days. Hackle was the most consistently expressed feature, occurring in all fractures regardless of ADH. The most variable characteristics were wake features (78.4%) and arrest ridges (70.3%). Collagen percentage did not correlate strongly with ADH (r = −0.04, p = 0.81); however, there was a strong significant correlation between ADH and water loss (r = 0.74, p < 0.001). Multinomial logistic regression showed no association between fractographic feature expression and ADH or collagen percentage. In conclusion, forensic fractographic features reliably determine initiation and directionality of crack propagation in experimentally induced PMIs up to 40,600 ADH, demonstrating the utility of this method into the recent postmortem interval. This expression of reliable fractographic features throughout the early PMI intimates these characteristics may not be useful standalone features for discerning peri‐ versus postmortem fractures.

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Section: Fractographic Analysismentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do bone elasticity and postmortem interval affect forensic fractographic analyses?

Skinner

Langley

Joseph

et al. 2023

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Fractographic Analysis of Broken Ceramic Dental Restorations

Quinn

Hoffman

Scherrer

et al. 2012

Ceramic Transactions Series

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Why did it break? Where is the origin? Did it break from an unexpected cause? Was there a problem with the material or was the crown or bridge simply overloaded? Was it misused? Was the crown fabricated properly? Was there a fitting problem? These are common practical questions and the fractographer can often give answers. Analysis of ceramic restorations can be difficult, but fractographic analysis is a cumulative learning experience. Our skill level is improving rapidly as we learn to recognize and interpret telltale fracture patterns. Our progress and several representative clinical case studies are presented.

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The Compelling Case for Indentation as a Functional Exploratory and Characterization Tool

et al. 2015

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The utility of indentation testing for characterizing a wide range of mechanical properties of brittle materials is highlighted in light of recent articles questioning its validity, specifically in relation to the measurement of toughness. Contrary to assertion by some critics, indentation fracture theory is fundamentally founded in Griffith-Irwin fracture mechanics, based on model crack systems evolving within inhomogeneous but well-documented elastic and elastic-plastic contact stress fields. Notwithstanding some numerical uncertainty in associated stress intensity factor relations, the technique remains an unrivalled quick, convenient and economical means for comparative, site-specific toughness evaluation. Most importantly, indentation patterns are unique fingerprints of mechanical behavior and thereby afford a powerful functional tool for exploring the richness of material diversity. At the same time, it is cautioned that unconditional usage without due attention to the conformation of the indentation patterns can lead to overstated toughness values. Limitations of an alternative, more engineering approach to fracture evaluation, that of propagating a precrack through a "standard" machined specimen, are also outlined. Misconceptions in the critical literature concerning the fundamental nature of crack equilibrium and stability within contact and other inhomogeneous stress fields are discussed.

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The Increasing Role of Fractography in the Dental Community

Cited by 4 publications

References 24 publications

Do bone elasticity and postmortem interval affect forensic fractographic analyses?

Do bone elasticity and postmortem interval affect forensic fractographic analyses?

Fractographic Analysis of Broken Ceramic Dental Restorations

The Compelling Case for Indentation as a Functional Exploratory and Characterization Tool

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