The incubation period of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.

Abstract

In 1993 Sin Nombre virus was recognized as the cause of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) and the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) was identified as the reservoir host. Surveillance by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and state health departments includes investigation to determine the likely site(s) and activities that led to infection, an environmental assessment of the home and workplace, and possibly rodent trappings at these sites. As of December 31, 1998, there were 200 confirmed cases from 30 states (43% case-fatality ratio). The national HPS case registry was examined to determine the incubation period of HPS. Review of 11 case-patients with welldefined and isolated exposure to rodents suggests that the incubation period of HPS is 9 to 33 days, with a median of 14-17 days. Case investigations allow a better understanding of the incubation time of HPS and may define highrisk behaviors that can be targeted for intervention.

T Cells Are Not Required for Pathogenesis in the Syrian Hamster Model of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome

“…Apparent discrepancies between the incubation time of HPS hantaviruses in hamsters and humans are largely due to the initial challenge dose and the route of exposure. Human HPS cases with well-defined exposures suggest a median incubation period of 14 to 18 days (82,87). In hamsters, ANDV is lethal by multiple routes of exposure (31), but the time to disease onset can vary.…”

Antagonism of Type I Interferon Responses by New World Hantaviruses

“…This difference may be a result of dramatic differences in virus ecology and evolution and may explain differences in disease progression. Hantavirus evolution is intimately associated with the rodent reservoirs of the virus; the incubation period for hantavirus disease is very long, ranging from 2 to over 6 weeks; and disease is considered to be predominantly immune mediated (25,27,63). The observed partial levels of inhibition may reflect the fact that hantaviruses are under selective pressure to evolve mechanisms of IFN antagonism that facilitate persistent infection, with negligible pathology, in host reservoirs.…”

Hantaviroses

“…Síndrome cardiopulmonar: A SCPH apresenta-se como doença febril aguda caracterizada pelo grave comprometimento cardiovascular e respiratório que clinicamente assemelha-se a SARA 20 25 42 . O período de incubação estimado para essa síndrome é de 0 -33 dias, com média de aproximadamente 15 dias e mediana de 14 dias; esses dados baseiam-se na análise de 11 casos americanos cujo dia e local de exposição ao vírus eram conhecidos 49 . O reconhecimento precoce dessa entidade, baseando-se nos sinais e sintomas iniciais, não é fácil de ser realizado e pode ser confundido com outras doenças endêmicas prevalentes nas mesmas áreas, tais como o dengue e a leptospirose 35 .…”