The Indian drought of 2002—a sub‐seasonal phenomenon?

Bhat, G. S.

doi:10.1256/qj.05.13

Cited by 112 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This study has focused mainly on dynamical aspects relating to monsoon and midlatitude interactions during monsoon droughts. Bhat (2006) reported persistent and strong inversions at 800 hPa over the eastern Arabian Sea during the July 2002 drought using the Arabian Sea Monsoon Experiment (ARMEX) measurements, and back-trajectory analysis showed a prevalence of dry desert air over the region. Further studies are needed to unravel the origin of dryness; and partition the relative effects of extratropical intrusions and declining monsoon rainfall activity in contributing to the anomalous drying during monsoon droughts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal Feedbacks from Monsoon–Midlatitude Interactions during Droughts in the Indian Summer Monsoon

Krishnan

Kumar

Sugi³

et al. 2009

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

145

123

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Results from a 20-yr simulation of a high-resolution AGCM forced with climatological SST, along with simplified model experiments and supplementary data diagnostics, are used to investigate internal feedbacks arising from monsoon-midlatitude interactions during droughts in the Indian summer monsoon. The AGCM simulation not only shows a fairly realistic mean monsoon rainfall distribution and large-scale circulation features but also exhibits remarkable interannual variations of precipitation over the subcontinent, with the 20-yr run showing incidence of four ''monsoon droughts.''The present findings indicate that the internally forced droughts in the AGCM emanate largely from prolonged ''monsoon breaks'' that occur on subseasonal time scales and involve dynamical feedbacks between monsoon convection and extratropical circulation anomalies. In this feedback, the suppressed monsoon convection is shown to induce Rossby wave dispersion in the summertime subtropical westerlies and to set up an anomalous quasi-stationary circulation pattern extending across continental Eurasia in the middle and upper troposphere. This pattern is composed of a cyclonic anomaly over west central Asia and the IndoPakistan region, a meridionally deep anticyclonic anomaly over East Asia (;1008E), and a cyclonic anomaly over the Far East. The results suggest that the anchoring of the west central Asia cyclonic anomaly by the stagnant ridge located downstream over East Asia induces anomalous cooling in the middle and upper troposphere through cold-air advection, which reduces the meridional thermal contrast over the subcontinent. Additionally, the intrusion of the dry extratropical winds into northwest India can decrease the convective instability, so that the suppressed convection can in turn weaken the monsoon flow. The sustenance of monsoon breaks through such monsoon-midlatitude feedbacks can generate droughtlike conditions over India.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal Feedbacks from Monsoon–Midlatitude Interactions during Droughts in the Indian Summer Monsoon

Krishnan

Kumar

Sugi³

et al. 2009

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

145

123

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Winter precipitation plays a major role in the mass balance of glaciers in western Nepal and is important in generating water flows during the winter and spring dry seasons. Air temperatures are highest during May or early June (36)(37)(38)(39) • C at the mean maximum range), more moderate during the monsoon, and reach a mean minimum range below −3 • C in December or January. Absolute temperatures vary widely depending on elevation.…”

Section: Current Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…An example of the regional dependence on the reliability and regularity of its rainfall can be noted in the impact of a drought that occurred in India during July 2002. Just half the normal amount of rain fell, which considerably impacted agricultural production and the economy of India [39].…”

Section: Current Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity in Nepal: Current Knowledge, Lacunae, and Opportunities

Bhattacharjee

Anadón

Lohman

et al. 2017

Climate

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Nepal has an extreme altitudinal range from 60-8850 m with heterogeneous topography and distinct climatic zones. The country is considered a biodiversity hotspot, with nearly a quarter of the land area located in protected areas. Nepal and the surrounding Himalayan region are particularly vulnerable to climate change because of their abrupt ecological and climatic transitions. Tens of millions of people rely on the region's ecosystem services, and observed and modeled warming trends predict increased climate extremes in the Himalayas. To study the ecological impacts of climate change in Nepal and inform adaptation planning, we review the literature on past, present, and predicted future climatic changes and their impacts on ecological diversity in Nepal. We found few studies focusing on organisms, while research on species and communities was more common. Most studies document or predict species range shifts and changes in community composition. Results of these few investigations highlight major lacunae in research regarding the effects of changing climate on species comprising the Himalayan biota. Further empirical work is needed at all levels of biological organization to build on information regarding direct ecological impacts of climatic changes in the region. Countries face an ever-increasing threat of climate change, and Nepal has strong physiographic, elevational, and climatic gradients that could provide a useful model for studying the effects of climate change on a mountainous, and highly biodiverse, area.

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“…Using ARMEX (2002) data, Bhat (2006) could notice strong and persistent inversions in the atmosphere over the AS and west coast of India. The data proved very valuable as July 2002 rainfall was the lowest in the recorded history; the data collected over the AS and, on the west coast, helped in understanding the conditions that prevailed over the eastern AS during one of the worst monsoon years.…”

Section: During Normal and Poor Monsoon Yearsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of monsoon inversions over the Arabian Sea observed by satellite sounder and reanalysis data sets

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Monsoon inversion (MI) over the Arabian Sea (AS) is one of the important characteristics associated with the monsoon activity over Indian region during summer monsoon season. In the present study, we have used 5 years (2009-2013) of temperature and water vapour measurement data obtained from satellite sounder instrument, an Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) onboard MetOp satellite, in addition to ERA-Interim data, to study their characteristics. The lower atmospheric data over the AS have been examined first to identify the areas where MIs are predominant and occur with higher strength. Based on this information, a detailed study has been made to investigate their characteristics separately in the eastern AS (EAS) and western AS (WAS) to examine their contrasting features. The initiation and dissipation times of MIs, their percentage occurrence, strength, etc., has been examined using the huge database. The relation with monsoon activity (rainfall) over Indian region during normal and poor monsoon years is also studied. WAS T values are ∼ 2 K less than those over the EAS, T being the temperature difference between 950 and 850 hPa. A much larger contrast between the WAS and EAS in T is noticed in ERA-Interim data set vis-à-vis those observed by satellites. The possibility of detecting MI from another parameter, refractivity N, obtained directly from another satellite constellation of GPS Radio Occultation (RO) (COSMIC), has also been examined. MI detected from IASI and Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) onboard the NOAA satellite have been compared to see how far the two data sets can be combined to study the MI characteristics. We suggest MI could also be included as one of the semipermanent features of southwest monsoon along with the presently accepted six parameters.

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The Indian drought of 2002—a sub‐seasonal phenomenon?

Cited by 112 publications

References 42 publications

Internal Feedbacks from Monsoon–Midlatitude Interactions during Droughts in the Indian Summer Monsoon

Internal Feedbacks from Monsoon–Midlatitude Interactions during Droughts in the Indian Summer Monsoon

The Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity in Nepal: Current Knowledge, Lacunae, and Opportunities

Characteristics of monsoon inversions over the Arabian Sea observed by satellite sounder and reanalysis data sets

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