The Indian Ocean Experiment: Widespread Air Pollution from South and Southeast Asia

Lelieveld, Jos; Crutzen, Paul J.; Ramanathan, V.; Andreae, Meinrat O.; Brenninkmeijer, Carl A. M.; Campos, T.; Cass, Glen R.; Dickerson, Russell R.; Fischer, H.; Gouw, J. A. de; Hansel, Armin; Jefferson, Anne; Kley, D.; Laat, A. T. J. de; Lal, Shyam; Lawrence, M. G.; Lobert, J. M.; Mayol-Bracero, O. L.; Mitra, Abhijit; Novakov, T.; Oltmans, S. J.; Prather, Kimberly A.; Reiner, Thomas; Rodhe, Henning; Scheeren, H. A.; Sikka, D. R.; Williams, Jonathan

doi:10.1126/science.1057103

Cited by 707 publications

(460 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Rapid industrialization and urbanization in Asia have caused severe air pollution over many countries, including China and India (13). Long-term satellite measurements have revealed a dramatic increase in aerosol concentrations over Asia (14).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increasing pollution levels in Asia and associated outflows have raised considerable concerns because of their potential impact on regional and global climate (12,13). Notable decadal changes in regional aerosol optical depths during winter months in Asia have been observed from satellite Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) measurements (14) and can be attributed to dramatically increased SO 2 and soot emissions from fossil-fuel burning.…”

Section: Aerosols ͉ Climate ͉ Cloudsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Intensification of Pacific storm track linked to Asian pollution

Zhang

Fan

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

216

166

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aerosols ͉ Climate ͉ Cloudsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensification of Pacific storm track linked to Asian pollution

Zhang

Fan

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

216

166

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The largest and most persistent of these pollution hazes, called the "brown cloud", covers an area of about 10 million km 2 over Southern Asia (e.g. Lelieveld et al, 2001;Nakajima et al, 2007;Ramanathan et al, 2007). This particulate air pollution is assumed to originate from fossil fuel and biomass burning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the summer monsoon on aerosols at two measurement stations in Northern India – Part 1: PM and BC concentrations

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Particulate matter (PM) and equivalent black carbon (BCe) concentrations were measured at two locations in northern India during [2006][2007][2008][2009][2010]. The first measurement station was a background site in Mukteshwar, about 350 km northeast of New Delhi, in the foothills of the Indian Himalayas. The second measurement site was located in Gual Pahari, about 25 km south of New Delhi. Here we focused on resolving the effects of the Indian summer monsoon on the particulate matter and equivalent black carbon concentrations at two stations. The average monsoon time concentrations were decreased by 55-70 % compared to the premonsoon average concentrations at both stations, decreasing as a function of the total local rainfall during the monsoon season. In Mukteshwar during the monsoon, the 24 h PM 2.5 concentrations were nearly always below the Indian National Air Quality Standard of 60 µg m −3 . In Gual Pahari, 13 % of days exceeded this level during the monsoon season. However, the 24 h guideline of 25 µg m −3 given by the World Health Organization was more difficult to meet. In addition to loss processes, aerosol concentrations during the early monsoon were found to be affected by primary emissions, most likely from dust events from the Thar Desert. This resulted in elevated fractions of the coarse mode, PM 2.5−10 at both stations. In Mukteshwar, additional dust contribution came from east of the station, from the Himalayan region. We also determined the characteristic transition times beCorrespondence to: A.-P. Hyvärinen (antti.hyvarinen@fmi.fi) tween the pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon. The onset and withdrawal transitions occurred faster in Mukteshwar than in Gual Pahari, both being typically less than 10 days. Transition periods in Gual Pahari took between 17 and 31 days. The shorter transition times in Mukteshwar were probably related to the more intense rains due to the mountain location, and the fact that the station was most of the time in the free troposphere.

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“…Large amounts of man-made and natural aerosols are transported every year from the continents over the ocean (Lelieveld et al, 2001;Kaufman et al, 2002;Chiapello and Moulin, 2002). In the marine environment, these continentally-derived aerosols influence the climate forcing patterns by scattering and absorbing solar radiation and by modifying cloud properties Sekiguchi et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition of boundary layer aerosol over the Atlantic Ocean and at an Antarctic site

et al. 2006

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Abstract. Aerosol chemical composition was measured over the Atlantic Ocean in November-December 1999 and at the Finnish Antarctic research station Aboa in January 2000. The concentrations of all anthropogenic aerosol compounds decreased clearly from north to south. An anthropogenic influence was still evident in the middle of the tropical South Atlantic, background values were reached south of Cape Town. Chemical mass apportionment was calculated for high volume filter samples (D p <3µm). North of the equator 70-80% of the aerosol consisted of non-sea-salt species. The contribution of sea salt was ∼25% in the polluted latitudes, >80% in the Southern Ocean, and <10% at Aboa. The contribution of organic carbon was >10% in most samples, also at Aboa. The correlation of biomass-burning-related aerosol components with 210 Pb was very high compared with that between nss calcium and 210 Pb which suggests that 210 Pb is a better tracer for biomass burning than for Saharan dust. The ratio of the two clear tracers for biomass burning, nss potassium and oxalate, was different in European and in African samples, suggesting that this ratio could be used as an indicator of biomass burning type. The concentrations of continentrelated particles decreased exponentially with the distance from Africa. The shortest half-value distance, ∼100 km, was for nss calcium. The half-value distance of particles that are mainly in the submicron particles was ∼700±200 km. The MSA to nss sulfate ratio, R, increased faster than MSA concentration with decreasing anthropogenic influence, indicating that the R increase could largely be explained by the decrease of anthropogenic sulfate.

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The Indian Ocean Experiment: Widespread Air Pollution from South and Southeast Asia

Cited by 707 publications

References 25 publications

Intensification of Pacific storm track linked to Asian pollution

Intensification of Pacific storm track linked to Asian pollution

Effect of the summer monsoon on aerosols at two measurement stations in Northern India – Part 1: PM and BC concentrations

Chemical composition of boundary layer aerosol over the Atlantic Ocean and at an Antarctic site

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