The Individual Job Impact of Change and Employees’ Well-Being: Role Clarity and Interpersonal Justice as Leadership-Related Moderators*

Leaders’ mental health in times of crisis: work intensification, emotional demands and the moderating role of organizational support and self-efficacy

“…First, low support seems to be more harmful than high support is helpful (see Figures 2, 3). This result underlines the importance of support and other organizational resources, but it also indicates that the helpfulness of resources can end in a saturation effect and that it is at least as important to reduce demands (see also Thomson et al, 2021). Second, for leaders with a high level of occupational self-efficacy, work intensification had a stronger positive association with exhaustion (see Figure 4).…”

“…This is not only important in times of crisis, but for change in general as managing change is a new increasing task area for leaders even in small or medium-sized organizations (e.g., Ötting et al, 2021). As our study shows, extending work-related resources is important, but can have saturation effects, so that reducing work demands is at least as important (see also Thomson et al, 2021).…”

Does trait interpersonal fairness moderate situational influence on fairness behavior?

“…The question of fairness has been studied most often in impersonal terms with a focus on formal categories of justice (e.g., distributive, procedural, and retributive justice; Duff et al, 2016;Thibaut & Walker, 1975), perceptions of an overall social climate (Hülle et al, 2018;Torres-Harding et al, 2012), and just world expectations (e.g., García-Sánchez et al, 2022;Lerner, 1980). Fairness has also been studied as respondents' perceptions of other individuals' behavior (e.g., Feather et al, 2013;Thomson et al, 2021).…”

“…We chose interpersonal fairness because it is an everyday concern that consequentially shapes personal and work relationships and it can be studied in research participants' observed behavior rather than relying solely on research participants' perceptions of others (Fowers et al, 2021;Gollwitzer et al, 2009;Thomson et al, 2021). This study was designed to examine the influence of an interpersonal fairness trait and a situational influence on observable behavior.…”

“…We focused on respondents' own fairness because it is an important but neglected factor in interpersonal relationships (Thomson et al, 2021). We assessed fairness behavior both through self-report and observed behavior, to avoid relying entirely on self-reported fairness.…”