The Indonesian Throughflow and its Impact on Biogeochemistry in the Indonesian Seas

Abstract

<jats:p>It has been widely known that the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) is an important inter-ocean connection with unique and complex oceanographic and geographic conditions, as well as a strong relation to both regional and global ocean currents and climate systems. Many studies on characteristics, mechanisms, and impacts of the ITF have been conducted, mainly focusing on the ITF pathways, transport, water mass mixing processes, and their variability in connection with monsoons and climate systems. In this paper, we summarize some of the critical aspects related to ocean conditions within the Indonesian Seas and the Indonesian Throughflow, with the main focus on studies of marine biogeochemistry in a region affected by the ITF. Although the biogeochemical cycle is one of the key research topics that are needed to advance our ocean understanding, studies on marine biogeochemistry within the Indonesian Seas are quite limited due to less observed data compared to the physical parameters. Further studies on biogeochemistry and efforts to conduct in situ and remotely sensed observations in this region are strongly required. Here, we propose several biogeochemical observations correlated to the ITF.</jats:p>

Analysis of Chlorophyll-a Variability in the Eastern Indonesian Waters Using Sentinel-3 OLCI from 2020-2021

“…The Mix-Master Indonesia phenomenon arose from the exchange of water masses between the western Pacific Ocean and the southeast Indian Ocean, facilitated by the pressure-differential mechanism of ITF (Edwards & Yukio, 2020). Therefore, this study focused on the Eastern Indonesian waters, renowned for their rich marine resources and diverse habitats.…”

NOBEL-BOX: Development of A Low-cost Ship-Based Instrument for Ocean Monitoring

“…These dynamics resulting from the interaction between two ocean including the Indian and the Pacific Ocean and two continents including Asia and Australia (Guo & F, 2023; Katavouta et al, 2022;Scroxton et al, 2022). As consequences, these circulations transport various materials, such as nutrients support the life of marine biota and coastal ecosystems (Taufiqurrahman et al, 2020;Xie et al, 2019). However, other harm materials such as heavy metals and marine debris also transported pose a serious threat in Indonesian waters that come from rivers, including those from other countries around Indonesian waters (Adyasari et al, 2021;Purba et al, 2021).…”

NOBEL-BOX: Development of a Low-Cost Ship-Based Instrument for Ocean Monitoring

“…These dynamics result from the interaction between two oceans, the Indian and the Pacific Ocean, and two continents, the Asian and Australian continents [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Consequently, these circulations transport various materials, such as nutrients that support marine biota and coastal ecosystems [ 4 , 5 ]. However, harmful materials such as heavy metals and marine debris, which pose a serious threat in Indonesian waters, are also transported from rivers, including those originating from other surrounding countries [ 6 , 7 ].…”