The induction of kin genes in cold-acclimating Arabidopsis thaliana. Evidence of a role for calcium

Tähtiharju, Sari; Sangwan, Veena; Monroy, Antonio F.; Dhindsa, Rajinder S.; Borg, Marianne

doi:10.1007/s004250050212

Cited by 172 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The significance here is that the expression of certain cold-regulated genes, including COR and other CBF-targeted genes, appears to involve the action of calcium as second messenger. When cold-induced calcium influx was inhibited using chemicals or pharmacological agents, expression of the COR genes was impaired; when chemical and pharmacological agents were used to raise intracellular calcium levels at warm temperatures, COR gene expression was induced (Knight et al, 1996;Tahtiharju et al, 1997). Thus, an interesting possibility raised is that the desensitization "memory" that we describe here may be related to the calcium cold memory described by Knight et al (1996).…”

Section: Scripts (mentioning

confidence: 81%

Cold Induction of Arabidopsis CBF Genes Involves Multiple ICE (Inducer of CBF Expression) Promoter Elements and a Cold-Regulatory Circuit That Is Desensitized by Low Temperature

et al. 2003

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The Arabidopsis CBF1, 2, and 3 genes (also known as DREB1b, c, and a, respectively) encode transcriptional activators that have a central role in cold tolerance. CBF1-3 are rapidly induced upon exposing plants to low temperature, followed by expression of CBF-targeted genes, the CBF regulon, resulting in an increase in plant freezing tolerance. At present, little is known about the cold-sensing mechanism that controls CBF expression. Results presented here indicate that this mechanism does not require a cold shock to bring about the accumulation of CBF transcripts, but instead, absolute temperature is monitored with a greater degree of input, i.e. lower temperature, resulting in a greater output, i.e. higher levels of CBF transcripts. Temperature-shift experiments also indicate that the cold-sensing mechanism becomes desensitized to a given low temperature, such as 4°C, and that resensitization to that temperature requires between 8 and 24 h at warm temperature. Gene fusion experiments identified a 125-bp section of the CBF2 promoter that is sufficient to impart cold-responsive gene expression. Mutational analysis of this cold-responsive region identified two promoter segments that work in concert to impart robust cold-regulated gene expression. These sequences, designated ICEr1 and ICEr2 (induction of CBF expression region 1 or 2), were also shown to stimulate transcription in response to mechanical agitation and the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide.Many plants increase in freezing tolerance in response to low nonfreezing temperatures, a phenomenon known as cold acclimation (Guy, 1990;Thomashow, 1999). In Arabidopsis, cold acclimation involves action of the CBF cold-response pathway (Thomashow, 2001). Within 15 min of exposing plants to low temperatures, transcripts accumulate for a family of genes designated CBF1, CBF2, and CBF3 Jaglo-Ottosen et al., 1998; Medina et al., 1999), or DREB1b, DREB1c, and DREB1a (Liu et al., 1998), respectively, which encode transcriptional activators that are members of the AP2/EREBP family of DNA-binding proteins (Riechmann and Meyerowitz, 1998). These transcription factors bind the cold-and dehydration-responsive DNA regulatory element designated the CRT (C-repeat)/ DRE (dehydration response element); (Baker et al., 1994;Yamaguchi-Shinozaki and Shinozaki, 1994;Stockinger et al., 1997) that is present in the promoters of COR and many other cold-responsive genes and stimulate their transcription. Expression of the CBF regulon of target genes then leads to an increase in freezing tolerance Jaglo-Ottosen et al., 1998;Liu et al., 1998;Kasuga et al., 1999). Multiple mechanisms appear to contribute to the enhancement of freezing tolerance, including the synthesis of cryoprotective polypeptides, such as COR15a (Artus et al., 1996;Steponkus et al., 1998), and the accumulation of compatible solutes that have cryoprotective properties, including Suc, raffinose, and Pro (Nanjo et al., 1999;Gilmour et al., 2000;Taji et al., 2002).Currently, little is known about how the CBF gen...

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Section: Scripts (mentioning

confidence: 81%

Cold Induction of Arabidopsis CBF Genes Involves Multiple ICE (Inducer of CBF Expression) Promoter Elements and a Cold-Regulatory Circuit That Is Desensitized by Low Temperature

et al. 2003

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“…This seems to be true for the CRT, which showed only a very modest activation in response to W7 ( Figure 8); it is therefore possible that the inhibitory effect of the W7 treatment upon CaM/CPK masks its activation. Indeed, evidence suggests that W7 reduces the expression of CRT/DREcontaining genes, such as KIN1 and KIN2 (Tä htiharju et al, 1997). The Site II element, however, showed substantial induction in response to W7 treatment ( Figure 8); therefore, it is more surprising that this motif was not identified in the previous study.…”

Section: Identification Of Four Promoter Motifs That Are Overrepresenmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Calcium has been shown to be necessary as well as sufficient for expression of some plant genes, such as GST1 in response to ozone (Clayton et al, 1999) and KIN1 and KIN2 in response to cold in Arabidopsis (Knight et al, 1996;Tä htiharju et al, 1997). In a previous study, we broadened the scope of this method of inquiry by testing the expression of 6120 genes in response to a chemical calcium agonist.…”

Section: Cis-element Responses To Mastoparan Treatment Are [Ca 2+ ] Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several stress signaling pathways use calcium as a second messenger. The expression of specific stress-responsive genes has been demonstrated to be calciumregulated, for example, in response to cold (Knight et al, 1996;Knight et al, 1997;Tä htiharju et al, 1997;Galon et al, 2010a). The protein intermediates brokering calcium signals to regulate gene expression have also, in some cases, been identified, for example calmodulins (CaMs) (Takahashi et al, 2011), CaM-like proteins (Chiasson et al, 2005;Magnan et al, 2008;Xu et al, 2011), calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPKs) (Boudsocq et al, 2010;Coca and Segundo, 2010), CIPK/CBLs (Albrecht et al, 2003;Weinl and Kudla, 2009), and even transcription factors, such as CaM-binding transcription activators (CAMTAs) (Galon et al, 2008;Doherty et al, 2009;Du et al, 2009;Galon et al, 2010b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Calcium Regulation of Specific Promoter Motifs inArabidopsis

et al. 2011

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Increases in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca 2+ ] c ) mediate plant responses to stress by regulating the expression of genes encoding proteins that confer tolerance. Several plant stress genes have previously been shown to be calciumregulated, and in one case, a specific promoter motif Abscisic Acid Responsive-Element (ABRE) has been found to be regulated by calcium. A comprehensive survey of the Arabidopsis thaliana transcriptome for calcium-regulated promoter motifs was performed by measuring the expression of genes in Arabidopsis seedlings responding to three calcium elevations of different characteristics, using full genome microarray analysis. This work revealed a total of 269 genes upregulated by [Ca 2+ ] c in Arabidopsis. Bioinformatic analysis strongly indicated that at least four promoter motifs were [Ca 2+ ] c -regulated in planta. We confirmed this finding by expressing in plants chimeric gene constructs controlled exclusively by these cis-elements and by testing the necessity and sufficiency of calcium for their expression. Our data reveal that the C-Repeat/Drought-Responsive Element, Site II, and CAM box (along with the previously identified ABRE) promoter motifs are calcium-regulated. The identification of these promoter elements targeted by the second messenger intracellular calcium has implications for plant signaling in response to a variety of stimuli, including cold, drought, and biotic stress.

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“…In both Arabidopsis (10) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa; 16), cytoplasmic calcium levels increase rapidly in response to low temperature due in part to an influx of calcium from extracellular stores. This increase in calcium is required for plants to fully cold acclimate and for maximal cold induction of at least some CRT/DRE-regulated genes (10,21). Little is known about the steps between calcium influx and the activation of gene expression, but it appears that protein phosphorylation may be involved (17); transcript levels of the alfalfa cold-responsive cas15 gene increase at normal growth temperatures in plants treated with the protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid and do not accumulate to normal levels upon low-temperature treatment in plants treated with the protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine.…”

Section: Cold Acclimation Signal Transductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

So What's New in the Field of Plant Cold Acclimation? Lots!

2001

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The induction of kin genes in cold-acclimating Arabidopsis thaliana. Evidence of a role for calcium

Cited by 172 publications

References 35 publications

Cold Induction of Arabidopsis CBF Genes Involves Multiple ICE (Inducer of CBF Expression) Promoter Elements and a Cold-Regulatory Circuit That Is Desensitized by Low Temperature

Cold Induction of Arabidopsis CBF Genes Involves Multiple ICE (Inducer of CBF Expression) Promoter Elements and a Cold-Regulatory Circuit That Is Desensitized by Low Temperature

Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Calcium Regulation of Specific Promoter Motifs inArabidopsis

So What's New in the Field of Plant Cold Acclimation? Lots!

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