The Industrial Revolution in World History

Stearns, Peter N.

doi:10.4324/9780429494475

Cited by 108 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…Zooming in on a European Scale, three main countries held the highest significance in the conducted research, namely Germany, France, and the UK (see Figure 4). On the international level, Germany's focus turns out to be topics related to the categories smart, with 21, and human-machine interaction, with 19 publications, whereas data management seems to be of less interest (2). The UK, on the other hand, published most of its papers around data management (11), followed by CPS (8), human-machine interaction (7), and smart (2).…”

Section: International Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Generating Transparency in the Worldwide Use of the Terminology Industry 4.0

et al. 2019

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In 2011, the concept of Industry 4.0 was introduced and later adopted by the German government, paving the way for a new industrial revolution in Germany. The high significance of this topic is reflected by the large number of corresponding publications. Additionally, the regional focus of research is widespread on a global level and often differs even at a national level. This paper generates transparency regarding the adoption of the concept of Industry 4.0 by analyzing the locations of main contributors within the research field on an international, European, and German-national level. Further, it examines the regionally different foci concerning the concept of Industry 4.0. Having identified four main aspects linked to Industry 4.0 within a pre-study, a quantitative literature research was conducted based on over 800 published papers. The results were further visualized with QGIS. Looking at the results, it can be concluded that the German research community is virtually the only user of the term Industry 4.0, while other institutions seem to link their research to other related concepts. On a German level, the majority of the analyzed studies originate from Southern and Western Germany. North Rhine-Westphalia and the Aachen/Jülich region, in particular, represent main contributors.

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Section: International Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the middle of the twentieth century, information technology increased in importance, presiding over the further automation of the manufacturing process. This development is referred to as the Third Industrial Revolution, and it enabled the beginning of digitization [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generating Transparency in the Worldwide Use of the Terminology Industry 4.0

et al. 2019

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“…This phase was associated with the start (the first phase) of the industrial revolution (see Knowles 1937;Dietz 1927;Henderson 1961;Phyllys 1965;Cipolla 1976;Stearns 1993Stearns , 1998Lieberman 1972;Mokyr 1985Mokyr , 1993More 2000;Grinin 2007bGrinin , 2012aGrinin and Korotayev 2009a: ch. 2) that determines the transformation of the Afroeurasian worldsystem simultaneously into the planetary (on the one hand) and capitalist (on the other hand) World-System (satisfying rather well Wallerstein's [1974Wallerstein's [ , 1980Wallerstein's [ , 1987Wallerstein's [ , 1988Wallerstein's [ , 2004 notion of the world-system, as its development involved now mass movements of bulk goods throughout its territory, whereas some territories [especially in the New World] got entirely specialized in their production). A really high level of intensity of the emerged planetary world-system links could be evidenced, for example, by a really high effect produced by the price revolution that resulted from the mass import of gold and silver from the New World to the Old World (see, e.g., Barkan and McCarthy 1975;Goldstone 1988;Hathaway 1998: 34).…”

Section: ) From 200 Bce To the Early Seventh Century Ce -The Afroeurmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origins of Globalization in the Framework of the Afroeurasian World-System History

Гринин

Korotayev

2017

Comparing Globalizations

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On Objectives and Tasks of the ArticleWithin the framework of this article we attempt to solve the following tasks: 1) to demonstrate that as early as a few thousand years ago (at least since the formation of the system of long-distance and large-scale trade in metals in the fourth millennium BCE) the scale of systemic trade relations overgrew significantly the local level and became regional (and even transcontinental in a certain sense);2) to show that already in the late first millennium BCE the scale of processes and links within the Afroeurasian world-system not only exceeded the regional level, as well as reached the continental level, but it also went beyond continental limits. That is why we contend that within this system, the marginal systemic contacts between the agents of various levels (from societies to individuals) may be defined as transcontinental (note that we deal here not only with overland contacts, because after the late first millennium BCE in some cases we can speak about the oceanic contacts -the most salient case is represented here by the Indian Ocean communication network [for more details see Chew in this issue]);3) to demonstrate that even prior to the Great Geographic Discoveries the scale of the global integration in certain respects could be compared with the global integration Grinin and Korotayev • Origins of Globalization 33in more recent periods. In particular, in terms of demography, even two thousand years ago a really integrated part of the humankind encompassed 90 per cent of the total world population. 1 Our analysis suggests that the above-mentioned marginal level of integration within the Afroeurasian world-system can be hardly considered as something insignificant or virtual; it substantially influenced the general direction of development and accelerated the development of many social systems. The article also deals with a number of other issues that are important both for the world-system approach and for the study of the history of globalization -such as the typology of the world-system links, peculiar features of the Afroeurasian world-system, the possible dating of the start of its formation, factors of its transformation into the planetary World System, and so on.

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“…Europe's preindustrial role in world trade dominance further established the foundation for the industrial revolution (Stearns, 2007). By the sixteenth century the majority of international trade was controlled by Western European nations; England had the largest share.…”

Section: Western Europe the Dominant Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The colonies allowed manufacturing to flourish through the provision of low-cost raw materials, which introduced new capital and export opportunities. Prior to the eighteenth century, the majority of manufacturing occurred in the household, with a large labor contingent committed to agriculture (Stearns, 2007). This all changed with the rapid advance of Western European technology, easy access to coal, new financing systems, and a large labor supply that no longer had to work the fields.…”

Section: Western Europe the Dominant Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Industrial Revolution in World History

Cited by 108 publications

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Generating Transparency in the Worldwide Use of the Terminology Industry 4.0

Generating Transparency in the Worldwide Use of the Terminology Industry 4.0

Origins of Globalization in the Framework of the Afroeurasian World-System History

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