The inevitability of risk-based water quality assessment

Abstract

When determining water quality indicators, the assessment is carried out taking into account the possible measurement error and the probability of conformity. If there are disputes regarding the values of the indicators to be determined, the probability of non-conformity with the quality requirements and the risk factors for such non-conformity should be correctly taken into account. Taking into account the fact that the issues of water relations are related to the economic relations of business entities and, consequently, potential contentious situations, the article shows the approaches to assessing conformity, it is justified that one can only trust the results obtained on the basis of a correct risk-based approach that takes into account both a posteriori and a priori data.

Issues of optimization of water supply in low-water and water-deficient regions

“…Enterprises serving such settlements are very often underfunded and cannot improve the quality of drinking water supply within the tariff. (table 3,4).…”

“…52 [1,2], the protection zones of water bodies used for drinking water supply are approved by the executive authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation. In other words, the thesis of the State Report of Rospotrebnadzor [1,3] that the main problems that worsen the water quality of water sources are the lack of sanitary protection zonesit is very ambiguous, and an illustration of this is the adoption of Federal Law No. 9-FZ dated 02/16/2022 "On Amendments to Article 27 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation", when, with the consent of Rospotrebnadzor, the relevant changes were made to subparagraph 14 of paragraph 5 of Article 27 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation, which establishes restrictions on the turnover of land plots, effectively removing restrictions on commercial activity.…”

“…The analysis of the annual State reports of Rospotrebnadzor "On the sanitary and hygienic wellbeing of the population" [3][4][5][6][7] indicates the presence of systemic problems of water supply in a number of regions of our country. These are, first of all, Southern regions, arid zones and territories where the quality of water sources does not meet the requirements for drinking water sources, often do not allow local governments to organize a full-fledged centralized drinking water supply to the population.…”

“…These are, first of all, Southern regions, arid zones and territories where the quality of water sources does not meet the requirements for drinking water sources, often do not allow local governments to organize a full-fledged centralized drinking water supply to the population. This situation is typical, for example, for the Republic of Kalmykia, Dagestan, a number of regions of the Republics of Mordovia, Khakassia, Vologda, Kurgan, Volgograd, Tula regions [1][2][3][4], etc. The percentages given are generally uninformative, since they do not take into account the levels of water consumption from specific water sources.…”

Determination of water quality from the standpoint of the trap of non-representativeness: errors that occur when combining data series

“…There are a number of errors associated with this procedure. These are the metrological error [2], errors arising due to poorly interpreted results of sampling control [3], as well as due to underestimation of the uncertainty of rationing [4].…”