The infant microbiome development: mom matters

Mueller, Noel T.; Bakacs, Elizabeth; Combellick, Joan; Grigoryan, Zoya; Domínguez-Bello, María Gloria

doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2014.12.002

Cited by 809 publications

(705 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…By the age of 3 y the microbiota is securely established in an adult form. 31,47 Cesarean delivery causes colonization by epidermal rather than vaginal bacterial species such as Clostridiae, Staphylococcus, Propionobacteriae, and Corynebacteriae. There is a deficiency of anaerobes such as Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium when compared to vaginally born infants and an overall lower total microbial diversity.…”

Section: Colonization In Early Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

Irritable bowel syndrome, the microbiota and the gut-brain axis

Raskov¹,

et al. 2016

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Irritable bowel syndrome is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder and it is now evident that irritable bowel syndrome is a multi-factorial complex of changes in microbiota and immunology. The bidirectional neurohumoral integrated communication between the microbiota and the autonomous nervous system is called the gut-brain-axis, which integrates brain and GI functions, such as gut motility, appetite and weight. The gut-brain-axis has a central function in the perpetuation of irritable bowel syndrome and the microbiota plays a critical role. The purpose of this article is to review recent research concerning the epidemiology of irritable bowel syndrome, influence of microbiota, probiota, gut-brainaxis, and possible treatment modalities on irritable bowel syndrome. The integrated actions and communication between the microbiota and the autonomous nervous system are central players in the perpetuation of IBS symptoms. This signaling pathway is called the GutBrain Axis (GBA). The GBA is a bidirectional neurohumoral communication system that integrates brain and GI functions, such as gut motility, appetite and weightand here the microbiota plays a critical role. 2Changes in gastrointestinal or central nervous system physiology may result in an altered habitat, which again may cause changes in the composition of the microbiota.Disruption of the physiologic symbiotic relationship (eubiosis) between the human host and the microbiota is called dysbiosis and is regarded a basic factor for initiating and maintaining IBS in the majority of patients. Current evidence has suggested that the dysbiosis observed in IBS and the resulting immunological response may drive and perpetuate gastrointestinal symptoms of IBS suggesting that IBS is in fact a disorder of the microbiota and the GBA. It is unclear whether the initiating factor is brain abnormalities that drive the gut changes or if changes in the gut alter brain function through vagal and sympathetic pathways.3,4 The purpose of this article is to review recent research concerning the influence of microbiota and gut-brain-axis on IBS. IBSIt is estimated that approximately 10% of the World population and 15% of the population in the Western World suffer from IBS characterized by a mixture of recurrent abdominal pain, bloating, changing stool consistency such as diarrhea (IBS-D), constipation (IBS-C), or interchanging diarrhea and constipation (mixed-type or IBS-M), mucus secretion, and nausea. 5,6 Community-based data indicate that IBS-M is the most prevalent type followed by IBS-D and IBS-C and that switching among subtypes occurs. Bloating is the most prevalent symptom reported by 96% of patients with IBS of whatever subgroup. 7 In addition to abdominal symptoms, poor sleep, headache, CONTACT Hans Raskov raskov@mail.dk Lundevangsvej 23, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark. Color versions of one or more of the figures in the article can be found online at www.tandfonline.com/kgmi.

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Section: Colonization In Early Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

Irritable bowel syndrome, the microbiota and the gut-brain axis

Raskov¹,

et al. 2016

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“…Maternal microbiota and metabolites in utero may help train the fetal innate immune system and have been causally implicated in allergic airway disease in mice [13,14]. When used at or after birth, antibiotics may disrupt mother-to-newborn transmission of healthy microbiota of the maternal gut, vagina, skin and/or breast milk [15,16]. In addition to effects on the microbiome and metabolome, antibiotics may alter epigenetics [17] and fetal development [18].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal antibiotic use and child asthma: is the association causal?

2018

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“…It has also been previously determined that a positive association exists between the placenta, placental microbiome and the metabolic health of children [9]. The microbiome is defined as the totality of microorganisms and their collective genetic material present in or on the human body and consists of 10-100 trillion symbiotic microbial cells, with bacterial genes exceeding those of the host genetic makeup by over a hundred times.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fetal immune system receives its first allergenic impulses during pregnancy, with a maximum in the last trimester when the placental microbiome plays a critical role [3,7,9].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of Immunoglobulin E in Umbilical Blood in Relation to an Allergic Family History, Seasonality, Child Immunity and the Impact of Applied Non-pathogenic E. coli on Children’s Microbiome

Liska¹,

Siala²,

Blanka³

et al. 2017

JLS

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Abstract:We examined IgE levels in 4,312 samples of umbilical blood taken from children born into families with a positive history of allergy in one or both parents from 1998-2015. At the age of ten days, those with high IgE were given Colinfant Newborn (a lyophilized non-pathogenic strain of E. coli) for one month, three times weekly. At 15 months and three years we investigated the levels of IgE, IgA and IgG, and the incidence of illness and allergy. The results revealed that allergy and high umbilical IgE is strongly linked with family history (p ≤ 0.001). We also detected differences in seasonality, especially with regards to pollen allergies. About 80% of children treated with Colinfant had significantly reduced IgE and morbidity at 13-15 months and 3 years, and furthermore without any clinical signs of allergy. Surprisingly 20% of treated children did not have reduced IgE, and yet they did not have any clinical signs of allergy. Normalization of IgA and IgG was seen in 90% of treated subjects (p ≤ 0.001). These levels significantly are correlated with an almost negligible morbidity up to 4 years of life. Our study strongly suggests a positive effect of physiological E. coli on the microbiome of children as evidenced by a significantly reduced incidence of allergy and morbidity when applied early in life.

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The infant microbiome development: mom matters

Cited by 809 publications

References 127 publications

Irritable bowel syndrome, the microbiota and the gut-brain axis

Irritable bowel syndrome, the microbiota and the gut-brain axis

Maternal antibiotic use and child asthma: is the association causal?

Significance of Immunoglobulin E in Umbilical Blood in Relation to an Allergic Family History, Seasonality, Child Immunity and the Impact of Applied Non-pathogenic E. coli on Children’s Microbiome

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