The Infant of the Diabetic Mother

Cowett, Richard M.

doi:10.1542/neo.3-9-e173

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Cesarean birth in the absence of labor is a signifi cant risk factor for TTN due to retained or slow clearance of fl uid in the lungs. Hyperviscosity resulting from polycythemia may predispose the infant for PPHN (Cowett, 2002).…”

Section: Pulmonary Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cardiomyopathy is attributed to neonatal hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hypertrophic myocardium with septal hypertrophy and outfl ow tract obstruction, or congestive failure (Cowett, 2002). In the presence of cardiomegaly, poor perfusion, and hypotension, a differential diagnosis is important.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Anomaliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Renal (hydronephrosis, renal agenesis, ureteral duplication), cardiovascular (single umbilical artery, ventral septal and atrial septal defects, coarctation of the aorta, cardiomegaly), and gastrointestinal (duodenal, anorectal atresia) anomalies are frequent in IDMs (Cowett, 2002).…”

Section: Congenital Malformationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Caring for the Infant of a Diabetic Mother

Hatfield

Schwoebel²,

Lynyak³

2011

McN: The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing

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In the United States, approximately 100,000 infants are born to diabetic mothers each year. If diabetes in pregnancy is uncontrolled, the diversity of resulting health problems can have a profound effect on the embryo, the fetus, and the neonate. These infants are at risk for a multitude of physiologic, metabolic, and congenital complications such as macrosomia, asphyxia, respiratory distress, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hyperbilirubinemia, polycythemia and hyperviscosity, cardiomegaly, and central nervous system disruption. Preconception control of glucose metabolism throughout the trajectory of a woman's pregnancy is a significant factor in decreasing the adverse impact of diabetes on the fetus and newborn. Meticulous attention to neonatal glucose levels, thorough physical examination, and precise diagnosis are prerequisites to appropriate care for the neonate.

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Section: Pulmonary Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cardiovascular Anomaliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Caring for the Infant of a Diabetic Mother

Hatfield

Schwoebel²,

Lynyak³

2011

McN: The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing

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“…The offspring of a mother with GDM has immediate and long-term complications, such as macrosomia due to hyperinsulinism, increased risk for trauma at birth, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, jaundice, cardiomyopathy, respiratory distress and an increased risk of congenital malformations and type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome in the long term. All of these are responsible for the higher mortality and morbidity rates observed in these neonates, which are directly proportional to the maternal glycemic control [ 7 ]. High-risk pregnancies, including those complicated with preeclampsia, GDM and autoimmune diseases, have been linked to quantitative changes and in some cases qualitative changes in hemostasis, and especially in platelet function [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gestational Diabetes Melitus and Cord Blood Platelet Function Studied via the PFA-100 System

et al. 2022

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Neonatal platelet hemostasis, although it has been well described over the recent years, remains elusive in specific patient populations, including neonates from high-risk pregnancies, such as those complicated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We aimed at evaluating the platelet function of neonates born to mothers with GDM using the platelet function analyzer (PFA-100). Cord blood samples were drawn from each subject and tested with two different agonists to provide two closure time (CT) values (collagen with epinephrine (COL/EPI) and collagen with adenosine diphosphate (COL/ADP)). A total of 84 and 118 neonates formed the GDM and the control group (neonates from uncomplicated pregnancies), respectively. COL/EPI CTs were prolonged in neonates from the GDM group compared to neonates from the control group, while no statistically significant difference of COL/ADP CTs was noted between the two groups, GDM and the control. Higher COL/ADP CTs were demonstrated in neonates born via cesarean section and in neonates with blood group O. A negative correlation between COL/ADP CT and gestational age, white blood cells (WBCs) and von Willebrand factor (VWF) activity was noted in neonates from the GDM group. In conclusion, neonates from the GDM group demonstrate a more hyporesponsive phenotype of their platelets, in comparison to the control neonates.

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“…Other main feature is hypoxia, which occurs in the placental tissue due to increase in fetal size (macrosomia) and demands. This subsequently leads to increase in the weight, diameter and thickness of placenta 4. Excessive amount of glucose in maternal blood also gets stored in the placental tissue 5.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Diet and Metformin on placental morphology in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Arshad¹,

Kanpurwala²,

Karim³

et al. 2016

Pak J Med Sci

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Objective:To evaluate the effects of diet control and Metformin on placental morphology in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods:After written informed consent 62 GDMs were enrolled. According to WHO criteria, 30 cases of GDMs with blood sugar level <130 mg/dl, were assigned Group B (2000-2500Kcal/day and 30 minute walk thrice weekly were kept on diet control and 32 cases of GDM with blood sugar level >130 mg/dl, assigned Group C were kept on diet with tablet Metformin,(500mg TDS) Finally 25 normal pregnant females were kept in Group A as control. After delivery placentae were preserved and evaluated for morphology.Results:Heavy placentae with abundant villous immaturity, chorangiosis and syncytial knots in group B and fibrinoid necrosis and calcification in group C were seen. In group B versus A placental and cord width while in Group C versus A only cord width in gross morphology showed significant results. In group B versus A villous immaturity, chorangiosis, infarction and syncytial knots in light microscopy were present; similarly in B versus C placental width, chorangiosis and syncytial knots showed significant results, while in C versus A results were non-significant.Conclusion:Metformin produced beneficial effects on placental morphology being comparable to normal control in contrast to diet group.

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The Infant of the Diabetic Mother

Cited by 10 publications

References 106 publications

Caring for the Infant of a Diabetic Mother

Caring for the Infant of a Diabetic Mother

Gestational Diabetes Melitus and Cord Blood Platelet Function Studied via the PFA-100 System

Effects of Diet and Metformin on placental morphology in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

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