The inferior petrosal sinus: a comprehensive review with emphasis on clinical implications

Mortazavi, Martin M.; Griessenauer, Christoph J.; Krishnamurthy, Sanjay; Verma, Ketan; Loukas, Marios; Tubbs, R. Shane

doi:10.1007/s00381-014-2378-7

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“… 12) The IPS is the main posterior drainage pathway of the CS and is situated in the cranial surface of the petroclival fissure. 1 , 60) The IPS also receives venous drainage from the labyrinth through the vein of the cochlear aqueduct, 8) brainstem and inferior cerebellar surface through bridging veins from the pial venous system of the pons or the medulla oblongata. 28 , 29) Padget 5) described the IPS development as a medial derivative of the pro-otic sinus accompanying the growth of the skull base chondrocranium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dural Venous System in the Cavernous Sinus: A Literature Review and Embryological, Functional, and Endovascular Clinical Considerations

Mitsuhashi

Hayasaki

Kawakami

et al. 2016

Neurol. Med. Chir.(Tokyo)

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The cavernous sinus (CS) is one of the cranial dural venous sinuses. It differs from other dural sinuses due to its many afferent and efferent venous connections with adjacent structures. It is important to know well about its complex venous anatomy to conduct safe and effective endovascular interventions for the CS. Thus, we reviewed previous literatures concerning the morphological and functional venous anatomy and the embryology of the CS. The CS is a complex of venous channels from embryologically different origins. These venous channels have more or less retained their distinct original roles of venous drainage, even after alterations through the embryological developmental process, and can be categorized into three longitudinal venous axes based on their topological and functional features. Venous channels medial to the internal carotid artery “medial venous axis” carry venous drainage from the skull base, chondrocranium and the hypophysis, with no direct participation in cerebral drainage. Venous channels lateral to the cranial nerves “lateral venous axis” are exclusively for cerebral venous drainage. Venous channels between the internal carotid artery and cranial nerves “intermediate venous axis” contribute to all the venous drainage from adjacent structures, directly from the orbit and membranous skull, indirectly through medial and lateral venous axes from the chondrocranium, the hypophysis, and the brain. This concept of longitudinal venous axes in the CS may be useful during endovascular interventions for the CS considering our better understandings of its functions in venous drainage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dural Venous System in the Cavernous Sinus: A Literature Review and Embryological, Functional, and Endovascular Clinical Considerations

Mitsuhashi

Hayasaki

Kawakami

et al. 2016

Neurol. Med. Chir.(Tokyo)

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“…However, in our experience, the probing guidewire tip could easily lodge in the anastomotic channels of the basilar venous plexus, which course in a direction similar to that of the IPS. 12 Therefore, the guidewire tip should be turned upward to adapt to the course of IPS at its upper curve (Fig 2) and to avoid entering the anastomotic channels. Accordingly, we found that the passage of the upper curve with the probing guidewire is associated with a higher technical success rate of reaching the CS with the microcatheter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannulation of Occluded Inferior Petrosal Sinuses for the Transvenous Embolization of Cavernous Sinus Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas: Usefulness of a Frontier-Wire Probing Technique

Jia

Song

Sheen

et al. 2018

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Pursuing an alternative access route for transvenous embolization of cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas can be challenging in patients with an occluded inferior petrosal sinus. We found that cannulation of even a completely occluded inferior petrosal sinus is feasible, especially when using a standard hydrophilic-polymer-jacketed 0.035-inch guidewire as a frontier-wire for probing. MATERIALS AND METHODS:From 2002 to 2017, the frontier-wire technique was tried in 52 patients with occluded inferior petrosal sinuses for transvenous embolization of cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas at our center. Technical success was defined as access into the affected cavernous sinus compartment with a microcatheter through the occluded inferior petrosal sinus and deployment of at least 1 coil. The complications and treatment outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS:The frontier-wire technique was applied in 52 patients with 57 occluded inferior petrosal sinuses (52 ipsilateral and 5 contralateral inferior petrosal sinuses). Technical success rates were 80.8% (42/52) of patients and 73.7% (42/57) of inferior petrosal sinuses. Alternative transvenous routes were used in 3 patients, and transarterial access was used in 7 patients. Complete embolization of fistulas was achieved in 82.2% (37/45) of patients in the transvenous embolization group and in 14.3% (1/7) of patients in the transarterial group. No procedure-related morbidity or mortality was observed. CONCLUSIONS:Transvenous embolization of cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas, even through a completely occluded inferior petrosal sinus, is feasible. The difficulty of passing the microcatheter can be minimized by prior probing of the occluded inferior petrosal sinus using a standard 0.035-inch guidewire; the trace of the guidewire on the roadmap image serves as a guide for microcatheter navigation through the inferior petrosal sinus on fluoroscopy.ABBREVIATIONS: CS ϭ cavernous sinus; CSDAVF ϭ cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula; IJV ϭ internal jugular vein; IPS ϭ inferior petrosal sinus; TVE ϭ transvenous embolization C avernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula (CSDAVF) is de-

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“…2) The internal auditory vein also participates in the venous drainage of the inner ear via the internal auditory meatus. It empties into the IPS, 3) the SPS or the transverse sinus, 4) or the great anterior cerebellar vein. 2) The tympanic cavity can be drained by several veins accompanying the tympanic arteries and the branches of the facial or the glossopharyngeal nerve through the bony canals or apparatuses of the petrosal bone into the pterygoid plexus, the retromandibular vein, or the middle meningeal vein, such as the superior tympanic vein passing through the lessor petrosal canaliculus or the inferior tympanic vein passing through the tympanic canaliculus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryonic Primary Head Sinus may Persist in the Petrosal Bone

Mitsuhashi

Hayasaki

Kawakami

et al. 2016

JNET

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To report on unusual veins traversing the petromastoid part of the temporal bone (petrosal bone) and to discuss their embryological origins. Methods: Unusual veins traversing the petrosal bone were incidentally found on CTA, MRI, or conventional angiography in four cases. We have evaluated the course of these veins in detail and have reviewed the previous descriptions in the literatures about similar venous variations as well as the osseous and venous embryology around the petrosal bone. Results: In all cases, the vein was anteriorly connected to the dural venous sinus around the foramen ovale and entered the petrosal bone through the facial hiatus. With regard to the subsequent running course and its exit from the petrosal bone, the vein crossed the petrous internal carotid artery, exited the petrosal bone into the petroclival fissure, and entered the inferior petrosal sinus in two cases. In one case, the vein exited the petrosal bone through the stylomastoid foramen after running the entire length of the facial canal. In the remaining case, the vein ascended in the petrosal bone along its anterior aspect and emptied into the superior petrosal sinus. The running course of these veins may correspond to the course of the embryonic primary head sinus and its tributaries. Conclusion: Here we report on rare venous channels in the petrosal bone. We also believe that these veins may be remnants of the embryonic primary head sinus, based on their course in the petrosal bone and the embryological development of the veins in the region.

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The inferior petrosal sinus: a comprehensive review with emphasis on clinical implications

Abstract: Knowledge of the inferior petrosal sinus is of great importance for open surgical approaches to the skull base and endovascular access to the cavernous sinus and sellar region.

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Dural Venous System in the Cavernous Sinus: A Literature Review and Embryological, Functional, and Endovascular Clinical Considerations

Dural Venous System in the Cavernous Sinus: A Literature Review and Embryological, Functional, and Endovascular Clinical Considerations

Cannulation of Occluded Inferior Petrosal Sinuses for the Transvenous Embolization of Cavernous Sinus Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas: Usefulness of a Frontier-Wire Probing Technique

Embryonic Primary Head Sinus may Persist in the Petrosal Bone

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