The inflammatory potential of the diet in childhood is associated with cardiometabolic risk in adolescence/young adulthood in the ALSPAC birth cohort

Abstract

Purpose This study examined the association between a Dietary Inflammatory Score adapted for children (cDIS) and Cardiometabolic Risk (CMR) score in adolescence/early adulthood in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Methods The cDIS was calculated at 7, 10 and 13 years using diet diary data. Anthropometric and biochemical data at 17 (N = 1937) and 24 (N = 1957) years were used to calculate CMR scores at each age [mean sex-specific z-scores from triacylglycerol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and fat-mass index (FMI)]. Multivariable linear regression models examined associations between cDIS at 7, 10 and 13 years and a continuous CMR z-score and individual CMR markers at 17 and 24 years. Results In fully adjusted models, a higher cDIS (more pro-inflammatory diet) at 7 years was associated with an increase in CMR z-score at 17 years (β 0.19; 95% CI 0.03–0.35 for third versus first cDIS tertile) and at 24 years (β 0.28; 95% CI 0.11,0.44 for third versus first cDIS tertile). There was a weak association between a higher cDIS at 10 years and an increase in CMR z-score at 17 years (β 0.16; 95% CI − 0.003, 0.32 for third versus first cDIS tertile). No other clear associations were evident. FMI, MAP and HOMA-IR were the main CMR factors contributing to these associations. Conclusion A more pro-inflammatory diet during childhood was associated with a worse cardiometabolic profile in late adolescence/early adulthood. A childhood diet abundant in nutrients with anti-inflammatory properties could help reduce development of CMR factors.

Prospective association between adherence to UK dietary guidelines in school-age children and cardiometabolic risk markers in adolescence/early adulthood in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort

“…CMR factors were assessed when the participants attended study clinics at a mean age of 17·7 ( sd 0·3) years and 24·5 ( sd 0·8) years. Study nurses and clinic staff took anthropometric and blood pressure measurements and blood samples using standard procedures, detailed in full elsewhere (40) . Blood pressure was measured in a seated position and resting state, using validated electronic monitoring devises (Omron).…”

“…A composite CMR score (19) was calculated for each participant at 17 and 24 years, to provide a measure of overall cardiometabolic health at each age. Six cardiometabolic markers were included in the CMR score (40) : FMI, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, TAG, MAP and HOMA-IR. Data on all individual CMR markers were available for 2879 participants at 17 years and 3132 participants at 24 years.…”

“…The C-EWG score was evaluated as a categorical variable (0 – reference, 1, 2 and ≥ 3 points) and a continuous variable (per 1-point increase) based on previous methodology (4) . The CMR score was assessed as a continuous variable (per 1-unit increment), based on previous methodology (40) . There was no evidence of effect modification by sex (lrtest comparing models with and without an interaction term between the C-EWG score and sex resulted in all P -values > 0·10), so results are presented for both sexes together.…”

Associations of childhood diet quality scores with arterial stiffness and carotid artery intima-media thickness in adolescence/early adulthood: findings from the ALSPAC cohort

“…All of the scores were converted to Z-scores to standardise the units and scales. These DQ scores have been analysed previously in the ALSPAC children, and the full methodological details of how they are constructed are published elsewhere (28)(29)(30)41,43) and described in supplementary material methods section and in Table 1. For all of the DQ scores, except the Obesogenic-DP score, higher scores reflect 'healthier' DP.…”

The characteristics of dyslipidemia among children and adolescents in Zhejiang Province, China

“…In this study, LDL-C was positively correlated with livestock and poultry meat intake and dairy intake. Dyslipidemia is a frequent comorbidity of obesity, begins in childhood [32][33] and dietary habits track from childhood to adulthood [34]. Thus, weight control and management of dyslipidemia risk factors is critical in children and adolescents.…”