The Influence of a New Chlordiazepoxide Analogue on Human Mental and Motor Performance

Bernstein, Martin E.; Hughes, Francis W.; Forney, Robert B.

doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1967.tb00075.x

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Automaticity is the ability to perform movements without attention directed toward the details of the movement [23]. In healthy people, the processing of motor automaticity is accompanied by the more efficiency of neural network and less significant of attentional network.…”

Section: Motor Symptoms-related Network Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The study of brain functional connectivity in Parkinson’s disease

Gao

2016

Transl Neurodegener

104

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting the aging population. The neurophysiological mechanisms underlying parkinsonian symptoms remain unclear. PD affects extensive neural networks and a more thorough understanding of network disruption will help bridge the gap between known pathological changes and observed clinical presentations in PD. Development of neuroimaging techniques, especially functional magnetic resonance imaging, allows for detection of the functional connectivity of neural networks in patients with PD. This review aims to provide an overview of current research involving functional network disruption in PD relating to motor and non-motor symptoms. Investigations into functional network connectivity will further our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of clinical interventions, such as levodopa and deep brain stimulation treatment. In addition, identification of PD-specific neural network patterns has the potential to aid in the development of a definitive diagnosis of PD.

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Section: Motor Symptoms-related Network Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The study of brain functional connectivity in Parkinson’s disease

Gao

2016

Transl Neurodegener

104

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“…These studies indicate that diazepam impairs driving skills for a variable length of time depending on the dose and the mode of administration. Hedges, Turner & Harry (1971) and Bell, Dickie, Steward-Jones & Turner (1973) have shown that lorazepam impairs central nervous functions such as flicker fusion frequency, reaction time and visual function, in man, whereas Bernstein, Hughes & Forney (1967) could not demonstrate impairments of human mental or motor performance after the administration of medazepam. Since no report was available on the effect of lorazepam or medazepam on driving skills we conducted the present investigation to study this question and to compare the effects of single oral doses of diazepam, medazepam and lorazepam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual effects and skills related to driving after a single oral administration of diazepam, medazepam or lorazepam.

Seppala¹,

Korttila²,

Häkkinen³

et al. 1976

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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1 Psychomotor skills and visual functions related to driving were measured double-blind cross-over in ten healthy volunteers before, and 1, 3, 5 and 7 h after a single oral administration of diazepam (10 mg), medazepam (15 mg) or lorazepam (2.5 mg). The late effects of lorazepam were tested in seven other subjects 12 and 24 h after the administration. 2 Lorazepam impaired almost all the measured skills more (P < 0.05 to 0.001) than diazepam, medazepam or the placebo. The lorazepam impairment of reactive skills and flicker fusion discrimination remained statistically significant (P < 0.05) for as long as 12 h. Medazepam impaired only reactive skills and flicker fusion, the latter remaining impaired (P < 0.05) for as long as 5 h after the administration. The magnitude and duration of the effects of diazepam were intermediate between those of lorazepam and medazepam. Diazepam impaired perceptual speed and reactive and co-ordinative skills as well as flicker fusion discrimination and visual parameters related to driving. Slight impairments in performance were measurable for up to 5 h after administration but at 7 h the results resembled those measured after the placebo. 3 The lack of alterations in adaptation to darkness, sensitivity to brightness or visual discrimination ability in bright counterlight at a time when flicker fusion discrimination was severely depressed suggests that an impaired ability to discriminate flickering light is of no or little clinical significance to driving ability. 4 It is concluded that patients receiving a 2.5 mg dose of lorazepam should not drive or operate machinery for 24 h after the administration. After diazepam (10 mg) or medazepam (15 mg) patients should refrain from driving or participating in skilled performances for only 5 to 7 hours.

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“…Wittenborn (1979) found no test of auditory perception to discriminate between the actions of various benzodiazepines and placebo. On the other hand, Evans, Martz, Rodda, Kiplinger & Forney (1974) showed an increasing impairment of delayed auditory feedback to be commensurate with an increase in blood alcohol concentration but Bernstein et al (1967) were unable to show any differences between placebo and medazepam 10 mg on a colour naming task under delayed auditory feedback. Suzumura (1968) developed a kinetic visual acuity test which Roden, Harvey & Mitchard (1977) showed to be sensitive to the effects of alcohol alone and alcohol in combination with either nitrazepam or methaqualone and diphenhydramine (Mandrax).…”

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confidence: 99%