The influence of adaptation on hypertext structures and navigation

Abstract

In adaptive hypertexts the user is guided in two ways: through the existence of links and through link annotation or hiding. Link structures have been investigated, starting with Botafogo et al, and the effect of link annotation has been studied, for instance by Brusilovsky et al. This paper studies the combined effect of link structure and annotation/hiding on the navigation patterns of users. It defines empirical hubs and studies their correlation with hubs as defined by Kleinberg without considering adaptation. The data for the analysis have been extracted from the logs of the course "Hypermedia Structures and Systems," an online adaptive course offered at the Eindhoven University of Technology.

Chlamydial infection in a high risk population: association with vaginal flora patterns

“…The CT infection rate of 23.9% found in this high-risk population was higher than in other Brazilian studies with pregnant women from 6 important cities [26], with adolescents [5,27], as well as in studies carried out in several developed countries [2,4]. Aiming at women with a high genital infection risk, however, a previous study from the same region also revealed a CT prevalence of 25.7% in pregnant women attending an obstetrics unit specialized in genital tract infection [6]. The high rate of C. trachomatis in this study can be explained by the design of this study.…”

“…Unexpectedly, the BV rate in the present study was not only lower than in pregnant women attending a Primary Care Service [28] or an outpatient service specialized in infections in Obstetrics [6] in the same region, but was also lower than in non-pregnant Brazilian [29] and North-American women [24]. This low Total of patients may vary among the categories as some of the data was unavailable prevalence of bacterial vaginosis could partly be explained by the consideration that combined infection of vaginal candidosis and BV was analyzed separately from BV without co-infection.…”

“…Chlamydia trachomatis infection is one of the most common STI [1], but the literature shows a great variability in the rates of infection in different populations [2][3][4][5][6]. It was shown that AVF in general, and BV in special, can predispose to acquisition of several STDs, [7,[14][15][16]23] among which CT [7,14].…”

“…Accordingly, the vaginal smears were then scored in normal (0-3) intermediate (4)(5)(6) and bacterial vaginosis (7-10). AVF was defined as a flora type wherein lactobacilli did not predominate (intermediate flora, BV and AV).…”

“…The prevalence of this infection ranges significantly from 1.4% in France [2], 10.9% in Canada [3] and 4.9% in England [4], and from 8.9% up to 25.7% in Brazil [5,6]. So depending on the population studied, the prevalence of CT infection may vary considerably, even within one country.…”