The influence of addition of gallic acid, tannic acid, or quebracho tannins to alfalfa hay on in vitro rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis

Getachew, G.; Pittroff, W.; Putnam, Daniel H.; Dandekar, Abhaya M.; Goyal, Sneh; DePeters, E.J.

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.03.011

Cited by 131 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The reduction in nutrient digestibility with PPE supplementation was in agreement with previous findings by Getachew et al (2008), who showed that hydrolysable tannins decreased the extent of fermentation and diet digestibility in vitro. Moreover, Cervantes et al (2013) noted that supplementation with tannin extract (2.8 g tannins extract kg…”

Section: Effects Of Pomegranate Extractsupporting

confidence: 82%

Effect of sainfoin hay and pomegranate peel extracts on in vitro fermentation and protein degradation using the RUSITEC technique

Refat

AneleU.

et al. 2015

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Effect of sainfoin hay and pomegranate peel extracts on in vitro fermentation and protein degradation using the RUSITEC technique. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 417Á423. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of supplementation of sainfoin hay extract (SHE) and pomegranate peel extract (PPE) on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics, protein metabolism and nutrient digestibility using rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC). The experiment was a completely randomized design with three treatments and four replications. Dietary treatments were: (1) control (10% barley silage and 90% concentrate), and control supplemented (2) with SHE (4.1 g catechin equivalent kg(1 dry matter; DM) or (3) with PPE (2.8 g tannic acid equivalents kg(1 DM). The experiment consisted of 10 d of adaptation and 7 d of data collection. Concentration of total volatile fatty acid (VFA) was lower (PB0.02), but molar proportion of acetate was higher (PB0.01) with SHE or PPE than control. Branched-chain VFA decreased (PB0.01) with PPE supplementation compared with control. Concentrations of large and small peptides were not affected but ammonia nitrogen (NH 3 -N) concentration decreased (P B0.01) with PPE supplementation. Digestibility of DM, starch and crude protein decreased (PB0.02) with SHE and PPE supplementation compared with control. Bacterial nitrogen production (mg d(1 ) and bacterial efficiency (g bacterial nitrogen kg(1 digested organic matter) were not affected by SHE or PPE supplementation. Overall, there were no differences in VFA concentrations, nitrogen fractions and nutrient digestibility between SHE and PPE except for the concentrations of branched-chain VFA and NH 3 -N, which were higher (PB0.01) with SHE versus PPE supplementation. In conclusion, supplementation of high-grain diet with SHE or PPE can decrease rumen by-pass protein; however, suppression of feed fermentation may decrease the feeding value of high-grain diet.

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Section: Effects Of Pomegranate Extractsupporting

confidence: 82%

Effect of sainfoin hay and pomegranate peel extracts on in vitro fermentation and protein degradation using the RUSITEC technique

Refat

AneleU.

et al. 2015

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…The effect of CT on microbial protein synthesis and microbial growth efficiency are much less clear compared with the well-established responses on ruminal CP degradation and NH 3 concentrations. Addition of QTE at 1, 2, and 3% of DM was reported to improve microbial efficiency in sheep fed M. sativa hay (Al-Dobaib, 2009) and Getachew et al (2008) reported improvements only at concentrations of 0.5 and 1%, but not 1.5%. In contrast, QTE infusion at 2, 4, or 6% of DM intake reduced duodenal microbial protein flow by 11, 21, and 39% (Dickhoefer et al, 2016) and up to 36% when QTE was supplemented at concentrations greater than 1% of DM intake (Ahnert et al, 2015).…”

Section: Interactions Between Condensed Tannins and Protein In The Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of condensed tannins in ruminant animal production: advances, limitations and future directions

et al. 2017

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-Tannins represent one of the most abundant polyphenolic compounds in plants. Tannins exist as a multitude of chemically unique entities in nature. The most commonly occurring tannins are typically divided into two major classes based on chemical structure: hydrolysable (HT) or condensed tannins (CT). Hydrolysable tannins are esters of gallic or ellagic acid linked to a polyol core, typically glucose. Condensed tannins or proanthocyanidins consist of flavan-3-ol subunits linked together to form oligomers and polymers. Both HT and CT are defined as astringent, medium-to-high-molecular weight polyphenolic compounds that characteristically bind and precipitate soluble proteins. The objective of this paper was to present recent advances in CT-ruminant interactions, the limitations associated with understanding and using CT in ruminant animal production, and future needs for research to further advance our knowledge of the role of CT in optimization of ruminant animal production. Condensed tannins pose some anti-nutritional problems to ruminants due to their astringent property that reduces feed intake and, consequently, animal performance. Ruminants can, however, tolerate CT by slowly adapting the ruminal microbes to the toxic effects of CT and by releasing CT-binding salivary proteins. The protein-binding ability of CT has some benefits to the ruminant due to complexes formed with essential amino acids, preventing their degradation in the rumen, but releasing them in the lower gut for absorption by the animal. Recent data have suggested increased N retention when CT is given to growing animals. There are potential benefits of using CT and HT for anthelmintic purposes due to their ability to inhibit egg hatching and larval motility of gastrointestinal nematode parasites, especially in small ruminants. Condensed tannins also bind to minerals (Al, Ca, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, P, and Zn). Although studies with ruminants have been contradictory, it has been reported that because the CT-metal ion complex is stable over a wide pH range, CT may reduce the bioavailability of minerals. Methane mitigation by feeding CT might be the most impactful benefit for ruminant production. Many empirical equations have been developed to predict ruminal methane emissions, but very few have included CT. Future research should focus on the improvement of methodology to assess CT biological activity, interaction with other plant-specialized metabolites, and associated physiological and nutritional impacts on ruminants.

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“…These two types of polyphenols differ in their nutritional role and toxic effects in livestock nutrition. In vitro and in vivo trials have consistently demonstrated that, in ruminants, CT can improve live weight gain and wool production and reduce the impact of gastrointestinal parasitism, nitrogen pollution from animals grazing lush pasture and methane emission from rumen fermentation (Animut et al, 2008;Getachew et al, 2008). In contrast, information concerning the rumen degradation of HT and the fate of their metabolites is very limited (Waghorn, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of chestnut and quebracho tannins on fatty acid profile in rumen liquid- and solid-associated bacteria: an in vitro study

Buccioni

Minieri

Rapaccini

et al. 2011

Animal

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Tannins are phenolic compounds that interfere with biohydrogenation (BH) of polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs). The aim of the present in vitro study was to investigate the effects of two different sources of tannins on FA profiles of rumen bacteria, with particular reference to rumenic and vaccenic acid. A control diet (C; composed of 300 g/kg of wheat straw, 132 g/kg of soyabean meal, 96 g/kg of barley meal, 152 g/kg of maize meal, 300 g/kg of maize gluten and 20 g/kg of mineral vitamin premix, all expressed on dry matter (DM)) and four diets, obtained by adding to C two different types of tannins from chestnut (TC) and from quebracho (TQ) at two concentration levels (49 and 82 g/kg DM), were compared. The content of the main unsaturated FAs (C18:1 cis9, C18:1 trans11, C18:2 cis9, cis12 and C18:3 cis9, cis12, cis15) from solid-associated bacteria (SAB) and liquidassociated bacteria (LAB) was affected by the presence of tannins in the diets. In particular, C18:1 trans11 content was significantly increased, especially with TC1, whereas the decreasing of C18:1 cis9 was unaffected, regardless of the presence or the kind of tannins added to feeds. SAB contained higher amounts of intermediates of polyunsaturated FA BH (as C18:1 trans11 and C18:2 cis9, trans11) than LAB that were characterized by a higher amount of C18:0. In the concentration range adopted in this study, the effect of TC and TQ on changes of bacterial FA profile was comparable. Tannins seem to be a good means to modulate the FA profile of rumen bacteria, favouring the accumulation of C18:1 trans11 during in vitro rumen fermentation.

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The influence of addition of gallic acid, tannic acid, or quebracho tannins to alfalfa hay on in vitro rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis

Cited by 131 publications

References 46 publications

Effect of sainfoin hay and pomegranate peel extracts on in vitro fermentation and protein degradation using the RUSITEC technique

Effect of sainfoin hay and pomegranate peel extracts on in vitro fermentation and protein degradation using the RUSITEC technique

The role of condensed tannins in ruminant animal production: advances, limitations and future directions

Effect of chestnut and quebracho tannins on fatty acid profile in rumen liquid- and solid-associated bacteria: an in vitro study

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