The influence of affect on higher level cognition: A review of research on interpretation, judgement, decision making and reasoning

Blanchette, Isabelle; Richards, Anne

doi:10.1080/02699930903132496

Cited by 572 publications

(446 citation statements)

References 181 publications

(184 reference statements)

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“…Research on the effects of initial, incidental (Blanchette & Richards, 2010) affect on creative performance indicates equivocal results. Initial positive affect tends to increase divergent, generative creativity (Baas et al, 2008), because positive affect facilitates associative thought-behaviour patterns (e.g., broaden-and-build theory: Fredrickson & Branigan, 2012).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow, affect and visual creativity

Cseh

Phillips

Pearson

2014

Cognition and Emotion

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow, affect and visual creativity

Cseh

Phillips

Pearson

2014

Cognition and Emotion

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“…Negative interpretive biases are revealed when events with ambiguous meaning-a frown, a laugh, a noise, a remark-are understood as emotionally negative, and anxious people, in particular, have demonstrated such bias (see Blanchette & Richards, 2010;Mathews & MacLeod, 2005). Efforts to simulate interpretation bias in nondisordered participants have been motivated by the desire to understand whether negative ways of perceiving and thinking play a causal role in the development of mood disorders instead of merely being produced by them.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recollection is impaired by the modification of interpretation bias.

Hertel

Vasquez²,

Benbow³

et al. 2011

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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The interpretation paradigm of cognitive-bias modification (CBM-I) was modified with instructions used in process-dissociation procedures for the purpose of investigating processes contributing to performance on the transfer task. In Experiment 1, nonanxious students were trained to interpret ambiguous situations in either a negative or benign way (or they read nonambiguous scenarios). They were then asked to respond to new ambiguous situations, in the same way as contextually similar analogues during training, or to respond differently. Benign training proactively impaired memory for negative outcomes. This effect was replicated by anxious students in Experiment 2 and discussed with respect to the assumptions underlying process-dissociation procedures and directions for future research.

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“…The significant relationships found between the CST and all 5 CBQp biases would support this conclusion. A distinction has recently been put forward 47 between 4 key cognitive processes studied in the affective disorders literature, namely "interpretation," "judgment," "decision making," and "reasoning." The cognitive distortions assessed by the CBQp can be subsumed under their interpretation biases category, whereby they all represent pathologycongruent information-processing biases, ie, the tendency to consistently interpret ambiguous information in a negative or threatening manner.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Biases Questionnaire for Psychosis

Peters¹,

Moritz²,

Wiseman³

et al. 2010

PsycTESTS Dataset

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Objective: The Cognitive Biases Questionnaire for psychosis (CBQp) was developed to capture 5 cognitive distortions (jumping to conclusions, intentionalising, catastrophising, emotional reasoning, and dichotomous thinking), which are considered important for the pathogenesis of psychosis. Vignettes were adapted from the Cognitive Style Test (CST), 1 relating to "Anomalous Perceptions" and "Threatening Events" themes. Method: Scale structure, reliability, and validity were investigated in a psychosis group, and CBQp scores were compared with those of depressed and healthy control samples. Results: The CBQp showed good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The 5 biases were not independent, with a 2-related factor scale providing the best fit. This structure suggests that the CBQp assesses a general thinking bias rather than distinct cognitive errors, while Anomalous Perception and Threatening Events theme scores can be used separately. Total CBQp scores showed good convergent validity with the CST, but individual biases were not related to existing tasks purporting to assess similar reasoning biases. Psychotic and depressed populations scored higher than healthy controls, and symptomatic psychosis patients scored higher than their nonsymptomatic counterparts, with modest relationships between CBQp scores and symptom severity once emotional disorders were partialled out. Anomalous Perception theme and Intentionalising bias scores showed some specificity to psychosis. Conclusions: Overall, the CBQp has good psychometric properties, although it is likely that it measures a different construct to existing tasks, tentatively suggested to represent a bias of interpretation rather than reasoning, judgment or decision-making processes. It is a potentially useful tool in both research and clinical arenas. Key words: schizophrenia/thinking errors/delusions/ hallucinations/cognitive behavior therapy for psychosis IntroductionRecent biopsychosocial models of psychosis have emphasized the central role of cognitive factors, 2-5 both in terms of the content of appraisals 6,7 and the process of reasoning and metacognition. 8,9 Specifically, there is a large body of work demonstrating that cognitive biases play a key role in the formation and maintenance of delusions. 10 The strongest evidence base relates to the "jumping to conclusions" (JTC) 8 and attributional biases. 11 The JTC bias refers to the tendency to gather little information before making a decision, thereby increasing the likelihood of inaccurate beliefs being formed hastily. It is present in schizotypal, 12,13 at-risk, 14 symptomatic, 8 and remitted 15 psychotic populations and is stable over time. 16 Attributional biases have been investigated mainly in persecutory 17,18 and, to a lesser extent, in grandiose delusions. 19 Deluded participants make external attributions for negative events 20 and, more specifically, favor personalizing attributions, 21 whereby other people, rather than circumstances, are blamed for negative events. 6,7 While the researc...

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The influence of affect on higher level cognition: A review of research on interpretation, judgement, decision making and reasoning

Cited by 572 publications

References 181 publications

Flow, affect and visual creativity

Flow, affect and visual creativity

Recollection is impaired by the modification of interpretation bias.

Cognitive Biases Questionnaire for Psychosis

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