The influence of age and individual differences in executive function on stimulus processing in the oddball task

West, Robert; Schwarb, Hillary; Johnson, Brandy N.

doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2009.08.001

Cited by 45 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…This finding is consistent with inhibition deficits found on more traditional neuropsychological measures (e.g. West, Schwarb, & Johnson, 2010) and work suggesting ADHD characteristics associated with WS in children and younger adults (Rhodes et al, 2011) Post error slowing after a FA commission error is an important indicator of the executive functions of error monitoring and the re-establishment of controlled processing during sustained attention. In ageing this aspect of executive function is relatively well preserved during continuous performance tasks like the SART described here (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Attentional lapse and inhibition control in adults with Williams Syndrome

Greer

Riby

Hamiliton

et al. 2013

Research in Developmental Disabilities

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The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. of executive functions, the aim of the current study was to explore attentional lapse and inhibition skills in older adults with WS (n=20; aged 36 -61 years) and consider the implications of deficits within this group. Participants with WS were compared to typical adults of the same chronological age and typical older adults (aged 65+ years) to consider attentional changes seen in the ageing process. The study employed a sustained attention to response task known to assess inhibition and attentional lapse but which had not previously been used with this population. Compared to both groups of typical matches, the results indicated atypicalities of attention and inhibition in adults with WS. Specifically, compared to the typical matches, adults with WS failed to withhold a response (showing inhibition deficits), had problems re-engaging attentional control processes after making an error and showed a generalized deficit of concentration and task engagement. We conclude that further attention should be paid to the cognitive capacity of older individuals with WS in order to consider the everyday challenges faced by this group and to provide adequate intervention and support for daily living.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Attentional lapse and inhibition control in adults with Williams Syndrome

Greer

Riby

Hamiliton

et al. 2013

Research in Developmental Disabilities

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“…Bauer and Hesselbrock (2003) have suggested that those at risk for substance dependence and ASPD have impaired development of frontal brain areas demonstrated by the absence of the normal maturational increases usually seen in P3a amplitude through adolescence. Furthermore, it appears that age-related changes in frontal P3a characteristics seen later in life are accompanied by decrements in executive function in older adults (Friedman, Nessler, Johnson, Ritter, & Bersick, 2008;West, Schwarb, & Johnson, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

P3a Amplitude Predicts Successful Treatment Program Completion in Substance-Dependent Individuals

Anderson

Baldridge

Stanford

2010

Substance Use & Misuse

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This study examined P3a amplitude as a direct predictor of treatment success for substance dependence. Participants were 35 adults (27 men, 8 women) undergoing treatment for substance dependence at an urban residential treatment facility between October 2005 and July 2007. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria were used to confirm substance dependence. P3a amplitude was significantly smaller for those who dropped out of treatment. Discriminant function analysis confirmed that P3a amplitude was a robust predictor of treatment completion, more sensitive than other measures including substance abuse severity. Implications for the interpretation of P3a amplitude as an index of executive function are discussed.

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“…Against this interpretation is the finding from a study in our lab that cognitively lower performing old adults, presumably with reduced capacity to inhibit the processing of task-irrelevant non-targets, do not generate a larger anterior P2 to novel stimuli than their cognitively high performing counterparts (Riis et al, 2009). However, in this study old subjects were divided according to their composite performance on neuropsychological tests of multiple cognitive domains, leaving open the possibility of a different outcome if old adults were split in terms of performance on tests emphasizing executive function (West, Schwarb, & Johnson, 2010). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related differences in early novelty processing: Using PCA to parse the overlapping anterior P2 and N2 components

Daffner

Alperin

Mott

et al. 2015

Biological Psychology

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Previous work demonstrated age-associated increases in the anterior P2 and age-related decreases in the anterior N2 in response to novel stimuli. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine if the inverse relationship between these components was due to their temporal and spatial overlap. PCA revealed an early anterior P2, sensitive to task relevance, and a late anterior P2, responsive to novelty, both exhibiting age-related amplitude increases. A PCA factor representing the anterior N2, sensitive to novelty, exhibited age-related amplitude decreases. The late P2 and N2 to novels inversely correlated. Larger late P2 amplitude to novels was associated with better behavioral performance. Age-related differences in the anterior P2 and N2 to novel stimuli likely represent age-associated changes in independent cognitive operations. Enhanced anterior P2 activity (indexing augmentation in motivational salience) may be a compensatory mechanism for diminished anterior N2 activity (indexing reduced ability of older adults to process ambiguous representations).

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The influence of age and individual differences in executive function on stimulus processing in the oddball task

Cited by 45 publications

References 47 publications

Attentional lapse and inhibition control in adults with Williams Syndrome

Attentional lapse and inhibition control in adults with Williams Syndrome

P3a Amplitude Predicts Successful Treatment Program Completion in Substance-Dependent Individuals

Age-related differences in early novelty processing: Using PCA to parse the overlapping anterior P2 and N2 components

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