The influence of age on optokinetic nystagmus

Simons, Brad D.; Büttner, U.

doi:10.1007/bf00386053

Cited by 48 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…A previous study conducted with individuals without alterations also found symmetry in the optokinetic nystagmus test (4) . The age difference did not influence the parameters analyzed in the optokinetic nystagmus test, which differs from a study conducted in adults aged 22 to 82 years, which found that the velocity decreases as age increases (8) . However, we may infer that the age variation analyzed in this study was lower than that necessary to affect the analyzed parameter.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 97%

“…We found no studies analyzing the pendular tracking test qualitatively on the basis of age. However, a previous study with individuals without vestibular alterations aged 22 and 82 years has verified the influence of age on the test using a quantitative analysis, in which older individuals had a lower velocity during slow eye movements (8) . Finally, we analyzed the effect of visual alterations in eye movements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The optokinetic nystagmus test assesses ocular movement, which aims to keep the image on the fovea, triggered by visual stimuli of bright spots moving right and left. The ocular movement comprises a slow component, which refers to the movement of the eyes in pursuit of the object, and a quick component, which represents the return of the gaze to another end (8) . Through recordings of ocular movements by digital electronystagmography through the capture of corneoretinal variation, it is possible to perform an analysis of the oculomotor movements, which are important for body balance, since we may indirectly obtain information on the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Avaliação oculomotora em adultos: um estudo do efeito da idade e de alterações visuais

Gonçalves

Scharlach

2016

Audiol., Commun. Res.

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Purpose: To evaluate saccadic and pursuit ocular movements and optokinetic nystagmus in adults, analyzing the effect of age and visual alterations. Methods: We evaluated 40 subjects of both genders, aged 20-49 years, with no auditory or vestibular complaints and who presented a normal basic audiology evaluation, absence of spontaneous nystagmus with open eyes, semi-spontaneous nystagmus, and spontaneous nystagmus with eyes closed greater than 6º/s. All participants underwent the tests of spontaneous nystagmus, optokinetic nystagmus, fixed and random saccadic movements, and pendular tracking using computerized vectoelectronystagmography. The findings were analyzed according to age and visual changes (ametropias). The results underwent a descriptive and inferential analysis. Results: There was no difference in the tests of optokinetic nystagmus, fixed and random saccadic movement, and pendular tracking when analyzed with regard to age. As for the variable presence of visual alteration, directional preponderance of nystagmus, observed in the optokinetic nystagmus test, was higher in individuals with visual alterations. In the random saccadic movement, there was also a difference in relation to the maximum velocity, which was higher in individuals with no visual alterations. Conclusion: The oculomotor tests were not affected by the age factor in the studied age group, but the presence of visual alterations exerted influence on some of the parameters of the oculomotor tests.Keywords: Nystagmus, physiologic; Nystagmus, optokinetic; Saccades; Postural balance; Reflex, vestibulo-ocular RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os movimentos oculares de sácadas, perseguição e o nistagmo optocinético em adultos, analisando o efeito da idade e das alterações visuais. Métodos: Foram avaliados 40 sujeitos de ambos os gêneros, com faixa etária de 20 a 49 anos de idade, sem queixas auditivas ou vestibulares e que apresentaram avaliação audiológica básica dentro dos padrões da normalidade e ausência de nistagmo espontâneo de olhos abertos, nistagmo semi-espontâneo e nistagmo espontâneo de olhos fechados maior que 6º/s. Todos os participantes foram submetidos às provas de nistagmo espontâneo, nistagmo optocinético, movimentos sacádicos fixos, aleatórios e rastreio pendular, por meio da vectoeletronistagmografia computadorizada. Os achados foram analisados segundo as variáveis idade e presença de alteração visual, do tipo ametropias. Os resultados passaram por análise estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: Não houve diferença nas provas de nistagmo optocinético, sacádico fixo, aleatório e rastreio pendular, quando analisadas com relação à idade. Quanto à variável alteração visual, a preponderância direcional do nistagmo, observada na prova do nistagmo optocinético, foi maior em indivíduos com alterações visuais. Nos movimentos sacádicos aleatórios, também se observou diferença em relação à velocidade máxima, sendo maior em indivíduos sem alterações visuais. Conclusão: As provas oculomotoras não sofreram influência do fator idad...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Avaliação oculomotora em adultos: um estudo do efeito da idade e de alterações visuais

Gonçalves

Scharlach

2016

Audiol., Commun. Res.

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“…As can be seen from the data in Table 1, subjects with MD were older than healthy subjects, but it is unlikely that a greater age is related to the occurrence of the overshoot phenomenon because the performance of VSM has been reported to decrease with age [18] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Increased Velocity Storage in Subjects with Meniere’s Disease

Krstulovic

N²,

H³

et al. 2016

Int Adv Otol

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OBJECTIVE:Velocity storage mechanism is a multisensory rotation estimator; it compensates for errors in the information provided by the peripheral vestibular organs by means of an adjustment in the duration of the vestibular signal. The aim of this study was to determine the activity of the velocity storage mechanism in the presence of a labyrinthine disorder, using galvanic vestibular stimulation to cause direct activation of the vestibular afferent neurons. MATERIALS and METHODS:Forty-one subjects with definite Meniere's disease (MD) and 36 healthy volunteers were evaluated using a 20-s galvanic vestibular stimulation. RESULTS:We found a post-stimulus nystagmus overshoot exclusively in subjects with MD (47% in subjects with unilateral disease and 82% in subjects with bilateral disease), but no overshoot in healthy subjects. CONCLUSION:Because post-stimulus nystagmus overshoot is caused by the velocity storage mechanism, this finding suggests an increase in the velocity storage in subjects with a labyrinthine disease.

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“…It is well known that there is a deterioration of vision with age. For example, previous reports have showed that the number of ganglion cells of the retina decrease from the age of 42 resulting in a parallel decrease in the optokinetic nystagmus gain [45][46][47] . Thus, if the elderly rely on a failing visual system in the control of postural stability, this could cause some of the well-known balance problems the elderly experience, in some cases even instigating falls.…”

Section: Effect Of Ageing On Visionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ageing on Adaptation during Vibratory Stimulation of the Calf and Neck Muscles

Patel¹,

Fransson²,

Magnusson³

2008

Gerontology

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Background: The ability to adapt and habituate based on prior experiences is important for human movement control, fall prevention and for the ability to enhance performance during various human activities. However, little is known about the ability for the elderly to adapt to balance perturbations in the lateral direction. Objective: To determine whether adaptation, i.e., the ability to adjust postural control to handle balance perturbations better over time, differed in the elderly subjects compared with young subjects in the anteroposterior and lateral directions, and whether the site of the balance perturbation or the presence or absence of vision affected the response. Methods: Postural stability was measured as anteroposterior and lateral torque variance in a young group (n = 18 (9 female and 9 male), average age = 29.1 years) and an elderly group (n = 16 (5 female and 11 male), average age = 71.5 years) with eyes open and closed during balance perturbations from calf and neck vibrations. After a 30-s period of quiet stance, these vibrations were repeated over a period of 200 s, so the adaptive responses could be analyzed by splitting the data into 50-s periods. Results: The adaptive responses in the anteroposterior and lateral directions were different. Adaptation in the anteroposterior direction occurred to an almost equal extent in the elderly and young, whereas adaptation in the lateral direction was markedly larger in the elderly in all tests except for neck vibration with eyes closed. Age, vision and vibration site were all influential factors for recorded body movements, but no significant combined effects were found. Conclusion: Balance perturbation instigates an adaptive response in the elderly in both the anteroposterior and lateral directions. However, during perturbation, age and vision are both very influential factors for the stability, thus associating the previously documented age-related decline in visual functioning with a higher risk of falls in this age range.

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The influence of age on optokinetic nystagmus

Cited by 48 publications

References 17 publications

Avaliação oculomotora em adultos: um estudo do efeito da idade e de alterações visuais

Avaliação oculomotora em adultos: um estudo do efeito da idade e de alterações visuais

Increased Velocity Storage in Subjects with Meniere’s Disease

Effects of Ageing on Adaptation during Vibratory Stimulation of the Calf and Neck Muscles

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