The influence of age, wind speed and ambient temperature on nonevaporative heat loss in turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo)

Burmeister, A.; Jurkschat, M.; Nichelmann, M; Postel, T.

doi:10.1016/0306-4565(89)90036-3

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The highest decrease among treatments was 4% in the WT treatment. Burmeister et al (1989) reported an increase in sensible heat loss with increased air speed at low temperatures, but with increasing temperature, the rate of sensible heat loss decreased.…”

Section: Effects Of Environmental Conditions On Rectal Temperaturementioning

confidence: 97%

Rectal Temperature Changes in Broilers Kept under Hot and Dry Conditions

Chepete¹

2008

Livestock Environment VIII, 31 August - 4 September 2008, Iguassu Falls, Brazil

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This study investigated the effects of environmental conditions on rectal temperature of broilers subjected to different heat loss-and heat gain-enhancing treatments. Twenty six-week old broilers with similar body weight were used in the study. The four treatments were allocated to the broilers in a Completely Randomized Design: (і) Beak and Wings Taped (BWT) where birds could not pant or droop wings; (іі) Beak Taped (BT) where birds could not pant; (ііі) Wings Taped (WT) where birds could not droop wings and; (іv) the Control (C) where birds could pant and droop wings. The experiment was replicated five times (5 birds per treatment). The rectal temperature (RT) probes were used to measure RTs of the broilers every 20 seconds during each 8-hour experimental period. Environmental conditions, i.e., air temperature (T); relative humidity (RH); air velocity (V), and duration of heat exposure were measured and used as independent variables in linear regression models of rectal temperature. The resulting models were RT BWT = 0.640T + 0.225RH-0.578V + 15.223; RT BT = 0.811T + 0.353RH-0.142V + 5.433; RT WT = 0.257T-1.288V + 35.602 and RT C = 0.382T + 0.062RH-1.179V + 29.339. For the latter, the models developed were RT BWT = 0.681t + 41.013; RT BT = 0.775t + 41.410; RT WT = 0.391t + 41.014 and RT C = 0.438t + 40.967. Both panting and drooping of wings were effective in relieving the birds of heat stress. Panting was the dominant heat loss mechanism as air temperature approached or exceeded body temperature of the birds. The birds died at varying degrees of cumulative body heat loads which seemed to depend on the individual bird's ability to cope with heat stress. The average lethal cumulative heat loads were 7.1, 8.3, 9.0 and 11.0 o C-hr for the BWT, BT, WT and C treatments, respectively. For future similar experiments, improvement should be made on the tunnel to accommodate more than one bird per cage.

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Section: Effects Of Environmental Conditions On Rectal Temperaturementioning

confidence: 97%

Rectal Temperature Changes in Broilers Kept under Hot and Dry Conditions

Chepete¹

2008

Livestock Environment VIII, 31 August - 4 September 2008, Iguassu Falls, Brazil

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“…As an example, in newborn piglets 1 thermoregulatory behavior is developed very well only at the 5th day of life and physiological control elements of the system are developed in a typical order only at the 8th day of life. Newly hatched chicks of different avian species have a lower thermoregulatory set‐point than older birds 2 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Newly hatched chicks of different avian species have a lower thermoregulatory set-point than older birds. 2 In contrast to these well-known processes the ontogeny of the thermoregulatory effector system in the prenatal period is underinvestigated: only Schroder and Power3 and Whittow and Tazawa4 have reviewed this problem in man and other mammals, and birds, respectively. The review of Whittow and Tazawa4 is concentrated on the endothermic reactions of avian embryos.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogeny of Thermoregulation during the Prenatal Period in Birds^a

Nichelmann

Tzschentke

1997

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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In contrast to the well-known thermoregulatory processes in the postnatal period the ontogeny of the thermoregulatory effector system as well as the central nervous control elements in the prenatal period is underinvestigated. Because of this, the aim of this paper is to characterize the development of thermoregulatory mechanisms in the embryonic period of one avian species, the Muscovy duck, Cairina moschata. The experiments were carried out in three series. In the first the influence of low ambient temperatures on call producing activity was investigated, in the second the oxygen consumption of single or pooled embryos was measured in the temperature range between 34.0 and 40.5 degrees C and in the last oxygen consumption, colonic temperature and preferred temperature were examined in birds incubated in reduced temperatures (34.5 degrees C) during the last 7 days before hatching. The results of experiments led to the conclusion, that (1) some days before hatching temperature perception is very well developed, (2) endothermic reactions occur in the last quarter of embryonic development, (3) the thermoregulatory setpoint is adjustable during the perinatal period. Altogether, embryos of the Muscovy duck show in the last days of incubation typical endothermic reactions. They activate the heat production as well as the heat loss mechanisms to control the body temperature. Besides this, when vocalization is used, behavioral thermoregulatory mechanisms support the autonomic reactions.

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Over-wintering strategies of the Lesser Sheathbill Chionis minor in an impoverished and insular environment

Verheyden

Jouventin

1991

Oecologia

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The Lesser Sheathbill Chionis minor is an opportunistic predator and scavenger that breeds on sub-Antarctic islands during the summer season, when many other seabirds are present, especially penguins on which it is kleptoparasitic. It is a poor flyer and over-winters on its breeding grounds, where it faces a diminished food supply and low temperatures. Its foraging behaviour was suspected to be plastic enough to respond to such a variable environment, and we show how this species enlarged its niche to survive in winter. Population movements, dietary changes and monthly weight gains were quantified during a 13-month period of observation. Mortality rates, calculated over a 19-year period of banding, appeared to be age dependent: they decrease, due to competition, from juveniles to subadults, adult non-breeders, and breeders. One of the survival strategies described here is, to our knowledge, unique among birds. After the Crested Penguin colonies have been deserted, some adult sheathbills (mainly females) remained territorial, extending their territory size and diet while their partners moved to previously undefended zones in King Penguin colonies (permanent and large in the Crozet archipelago), where they competed for a winter territory and subsequently associated with another mate. After this winter mating, mobile sheathbills returned the following summer to their breeding territory and previous mate.

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The influence of age, wind speed and ambient temperature on nonevaporative heat loss in turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo)

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Rectal Temperature Changes in Broilers Kept under Hot and Dry Conditions

Rectal Temperature Changes in Broilers Kept under Hot and Dry Conditions

Ontogeny of Thermoregulation during the Prenatal Period in Birds^a

Over-wintering strategies of the Lesser Sheathbill Chionis minor in an impoverished and insular environment

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The influence of age, wind speed and ambient temperature on nonevaporative heat loss in turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo)

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Rectal Temperature Changes in Broilers Kept under Hot and Dry Conditions

Rectal Temperature Changes in Broilers Kept under Hot and Dry Conditions

Ontogeny of Thermoregulation during the Prenatal Period in Birdsa

Over-wintering strategies of the Lesser Sheathbill Chionis minor in an impoverished and insular environment

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Product

Resources

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Ontogeny of Thermoregulation during the Prenatal Period in Birds^a