The influence of ageing on cell wall composition and degradability of three maize genotypes

Cone, J.W.; Engels, F.M.

doi:10.1016/0377-8401(93)90062-o

Cited by 29 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The brown midrib mutants isolated in maize show a characteristic brown coloration of the leaf midrib that is associated with reduced lignin levels and altered lignin composition (Sattler et al, 2010). Compositional analyses of different maize brown midrib mutants showed no differences in cellulose content but increased levels of hemicellulose in both stalk and stover (Lechtenberg et al, 1972;El-Tekriti et al, 1976;Cone and Engels, 1993). Also, the inverse relation between lignin and cellulose amount has been described in grasses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Silencing CHALCONE SYNTHASE in Maize Impedes the Incorporation of Tricin into Lignin and Increases Lignin Content

et al. 2016

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Lignin is a phenolic heteropolymer that is deposited in secondary-thickened cell walls, where it provides mechanical strength. A recent structural characterization of cell walls from monocot species showed that the flavone tricin is part of the native lignin polymer, where it is hypothesized to initiate lignin chains. In this study, we investigated the consequences of altered tricin levels on lignin structure and cell wall recalcitrance by phenolic profiling, nuclear magnetic resonance, and saccharification assays of the naturally silenced maize (Zea mays) C2-Idf (inhibitor diffuse) mutant, defective in the CHALCONE SYNTHASE Colorless2 (C2) gene. We show that the C2-Idf mutant produces highly reduced levels of apigenin-and tricin-related flavonoids, resulting in a strongly reduced incorporation of tricin into the lignin polymer. Moreover, the lignin was enriched in b-b and b-5 units, lending support to the contention that tricin acts to initiate lignin chains and that, in the absence of tricin, more monolignol dimerization reactions occur. In addition, the C2-Idf mutation resulted in strikingly higher Klason lignin levels in the leaves. As a consequence, the leaves of C2-Idf mutants had significantly reduced saccharification efficiencies compared with those of control plants. These findings are instructive for lignin engineering strategies to improve biomass processing and biochemical production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Silencing CHALCONE SYNTHASE in Maize Impedes the Incorporation of Tricin into Lignin and Increases Lignin Content

et al. 2016

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“…In measuring the products of an alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation of lignin, Kuc and Nelson (1964) (Gordon and Griffith, 1973) (Van Soest, 1963, 1965, 1967Goering and Van Soest, 1970 Engels (1993) with LG 11, which was harvested 9 times between mid-July and mid-November, found similar cellulose concentrations in both normal and bm3 plants.…”

Section: Lignin Compositionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…For instance, Helm and Ralph (1991) (1973) found that the bm1 stalks were poorer in AOAC lignin content (sulphuric acid lignin in dry matter). All the subsequent studies performed with normal and bm3 maize plants showed reduced contents of lignin in bm3, regardless of the methods of analysis used Muller et al, 1972;El-Tekriti et al, 1976;Frenchick et al, 1976;Keith et al, 1981;Stallings et al, 1982;Weller et al, 1984;Grand et al, 1985;Gupta et al, 1988;Kasuga, 1989, 1990;Grenet and Barry, 1991;Chabbert et al, 1993aChabbert et al, , 1993bCone and Engels, 1993 Kuc and Nelson (1964) (Chabbert et al, 1993b). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brown-midrib genes of maize: a review

1993

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Summary — The efficiency of forage for ruminant animals primarily depends on cell-wall constituent content, mostly cellulose and hemicellulose, and on their digestibility, mostly reduced by lignin incrustration. Four brown-midrib genes (bm1, bm2, bm3 and bm4) have been described in maize. Brown-midrib plants were described as having a lower lignin content than normal genotypes; the ratios of hydroxycinnamic acids released after alkaline hydrolysis, and the ratios between monomeric units released after alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation or thioacidolysis also differed in normal and brown-midrib plants. The bm3 gene, allowing an important decrease of lignin content, and a better improvement in plant digestibility, was also the most studied. When cattle were fed bm3 plants, intake and digestibility were higher compared to normal isogenic ones, and the rate of digestion was also higher. However, the agronomical value of the brown-midrib genotypes was distinctively lower than that of their normal isogenic counterparts and this was particularly notable on the bm3 gene. This observation also appeared to be genotype-specific, suggesting the possibility of producing brown-midrib

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“…Cone and Engels [152] indicated that an increase in lignin content results in decreasing cell wall digestibility. However, other authors de Leon et al [153] found that breeding for increasing dry matter digestibility have not altered cell wall lignification.…”

Section: Dual Purpose Crops Optimized For Grain-biomass Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redefining Agricultural Residues as Bioenergy Feedstocks

2016

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The use of plant biomass is a sustainable alternative to the reduction of CO2 emissions. Agricultural residues are interesting bioenergy feedstocks because they do not compete with food and add extra value to the crop, which might help to manage these residues in many regions. Breeding crops for dual production of food and bioenergy has been reported previously, but the ideal plant features are different when lignocellulosic residues are burnt for heat or electricity, or fermented for biofuel production. Stover moisture is one of the most important traits in the management of agricultural waste for bioenergy production which can be modified by genetic improvement. A delayed leaf senescence or the stay-green characteristic contributes to higher grain and biomass yield in standard, low nutrient, and drought-prone environments. In addition, the stay-green trait could be favorable for the development of dual purpose varieties because this trait could be associated with a reduction in biomass losses and lodging. On the other hand, the stay-green trait could be detrimental for the management of agricultural waste if it is associated with higher stover moisture at harvest, although this hypothesis has been insufficiently tested. In this paper, a review of traits relevant to the development of dual purpose varieties is presented with particular emphasis on stover moisture and stay-green, because less attention has been paid to these important traits in the literature. The possibility of developing new varieties for combined production is discussed from a breeding perspective.

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The influence of ageing on cell wall composition and degradability of three maize genotypes

Cited by 29 publications

References 22 publications

Silencing CHALCONE SYNTHASE in Maize Impedes the Incorporation of Tricin into Lignin and Increases Lignin Content

Silencing CHALCONE SYNTHASE in Maize Impedes the Incorporation of Tricin into Lignin and Increases Lignin Content

Brown-midrib genes of maize: a review

Redefining Agricultural Residues as Bioenergy Feedstocks

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