The Influence of an Additional Substance in the Trenches Surrounding the Grounding Grid's Conductors on the Grounding Grid's Performance

Research and applications of ground enhancing compounds in grounding systems

“…Apart from the experimental works, reporting results about new enhancing materials and their application to grounding systems, there have been studies about, not only the measuring performance and the properties of these materials but also about optimisation techniques for efficient used quantity of enhancing materials [39,[53][54][55][56][57][58] [39] determined, experimentally, the saturation point of resistance curves which was the 40% of the distance from the testing electrodes. According to this concept, at a constant resistivity an analytical formula for ground electrode resistance in terms of distance x from the electrode is obtained.…”

“…Therefore, the 40% distance was defined as the critical radius. The influence of the additional compound's volume has been examined in [53,58] by using finiteelement method analysis in a simulation software, while Chen et al [54] and Al-Arainy et al [55][56][57] have employed analytical mathematical expressions. Considering the high non-linearities in the ground resistance-soil and/or compound resistivity relationship, some researchers turned to computational intelligence techniques, employing ANNs, wavelet neural networks, inductive machine learning and genetic programming [59][60][61][62][63][64].…”

Corrosion Characteristics of Grounding Grid in Resistance-Reducing Agents

“…Corrosion products will not translate into a passivation membrane but loose rust under water and oxygenated conditions because casting body solidified which has the presence of the cellular or cracks will be electrochemical corroded. Once it happen the local corrosion in grounding body [12], the volume of the rust is about 4 times of the base metal and the body will make the casting crack resulting in the corrosion intensified and making the grounding resistance increased. Thus, it should pay attention to the construction methods and ensure construction quality in order to reliable results in reducing resistance.…”

Study of reducing ground resistance for transmission tower on rocky mountain tops with constrained area

“…Therefore, the lightning protection effects of transmission lines are related to their ground resistance . It is the main way of reducing tower ground resistance to prevent flashover and decrease lightning strike tripping electrical power systems . However, many locations of transmission towers in mountain regions with more stones and thinner soil have high soil resistivity.…”