The Influence of an Oil Recycler on Emissions with Oil Age for a Refuse Truck Using in Service Testing

Andrews, Gordon E.; Li, Hu; Hall, J.; Rahman, Aly Abdel; Mawson, P.

doi:10.4271/2001-01-0623

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…It would be preferable if the bag sample could be collected by exhaust flow driven by the back pressure from the exhaust, as this would be proportionate exhaust gas sampling. Andrews et al (17,18) have shown that reliable results can be obtained for longer bus and truck journeys using the exhaust back pressure sampling method with no pump in the sample circuit. However, this was for journey times of typically 30 minutes and the desired sample period in the present work was about three minutes for each bag.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Ambient Temperature on Cold Start Urban Traffic Emissions for a Real World SI Car

Andrews¹,

Zhu²,

Li³

et al. 2004

SAE Technical Paper Series

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The influence of ambient temperature on exhaust emissions for an instrumented Euro 1 SI car was determined. A real world test cycle was used, based on an urban drive cycle that was similar to the ECE urban drive cycle. It was based on four laps of a street circuit and an emissions sample bag was taken for each lap. The bag for the first lap was for the cold start emissions. An in-vehicle direct exhaust dual bag sampling technique was used to simultaneously collect exhaust samples upstream and downstream of the three-way catalyst (TWC). The cold start tests were conducted over a year, with ambient temperatures ranging from -2°C to 32°C. The exhaust system was instrumented with thermocouples so that the catalyst light off temperature could be determined. The results showed that CO emissions for the cold start were reduced by a factor of 8 downstream of catalyst when ambient temperature rose from -2°C to 32°C, the corresponding hydrocarbon emissions were reduced by a factor of 4. There was no clear relationship between NOx emissions and ambient temperature. For subsequent laps of the test circuit the reduction of CO and HC emissions as a function of ambient temperature was lower. The time for catalyst light off increased by 50% as the ambient temperature was reduced. The results show that the vehicle used is unlikely to meet the new -7 o C cold start CO emission regulations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Ambient Temperature on Cold Start Urban Traffic Emissions for a Real World SI Car

Andrews¹,

Zhu²,

Li³

et al. 2004

SAE Technical Paper Series

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Andrews and Hu Li et al (18,19) have shown that reliable results can be obtained for longer bus and truck journeys using the exhaust back pressure sampling method with no pump in the sample circuit. However, this was for journey times of typically 30 minutes and the desired sample period in the present work was about four minutes for each bag.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Ambient Temperature on Cold-start Emissions for a Euro 1 SI Car Using In-vehicle Emissions Measurement in an Urban Traffic Jam Test Cycle

Andrews¹,

Li²,

Wylie³

et al. 2005

SAE Technical Paper Series

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“…A low ambient temperature reduces lubricating oil pumpability and increases the viscosity of lubricating oil (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). This results in higher mechanical losses and hence higher fuel consumption for an engine under cold start (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This results in higher mechanical losses and hence higher fuel consumption for an engine under cold start (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). The fuel vaporization at the inlet port injection location is deteriorated due to the poor volatility of fuel at low ambient temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Ambient Temperatures on Exhaust Thermal Characteristics during Cold Start for Real World SI Car Urban Driving Tests

Andrews

Zhu

et al. 2005

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Thermal characteristics of SI engine exhaust during cold start and warm up period were investigated for different ambient temperatures (-2 to 32 °C). A Euro 1 emission compliance SI car was tested using a real world urban driving cycle to represent typical city driving patterns and simulate ECE15 urban driving cycle. The test car was equipped with 27 thermocouples along the engine and exhaust pipes so as to measure metal and exhaust gas temperatures along the engine, exhaust and catalyst. The characteristics of thermal properties of engine, exhaust system and catalyst were studied as a function of warm up time and ambient temperature. The temperature and time of the light-off of catalyst were investigated so as to evaluate the effect of thermal properties of the catalyst on emissions.The results show that the coolant water reached the full warm up about 5 minutes in summer and 9 minutes in winter after a cold start. Lubricating oil reached the full warm up in 10 minutes in summer and 14 minutes in winter after a cold start. The light-off time of TWC was about 3 minutes in summer and 6 minutes in winter in terms of catalyst substrate temperatures. The determination of catalyst light off has been studied and discussed in terms of catalyst substrate temperatures and gas temperatures. The ambient temperature had little influence on engine out exhaust gas temperatures. The heat loss from the engine out to the catalyst was at highest level in the first 5~6 minutes and after this point the heat available at the catalyst was relatively stable.The thermal properties of the engine and exhaust system had significant influence on emissions. The results indicate that in some urban driving conditions such as short journeys in cities especially under cold weather conditions, the function of catalysts for emission reductions is very limited. INTRODUCTIONIt is well known that a SI engine in cold conditions has much higher exhaust emissions than one that is fully warmed up (1-8). The new European passenger car emissions regulations has removed the first 40 seconds of idle period for the ECE driving cycle, in recognition of the importance of the cold start emissions. The new regulations also include -7°C tests for HC and CO emissions at cold start. It has to be addressed that Euro 1 cars were not developed to pass this cold test since developed prior to new -7°C regulation, and yet Euro 1 cars do cold starts at low temperatures in the real world. Extensive research had been undertaken in the past to investigate the influence of ambient temperature on exhaust emissions (2-8), normally using legislated test cycles and CVS test procedures. It was found that exhaust emissions could be drastically increased, relative to 25°C, at cold ambient conditions. For instance, the hydrocarbon emissions were found increase by 650% at -20°C and carbon monoxide emissions by 800% (8).A satisfactory cold start is very difficult to achieve at subzero ambient temperature conditions in terms of the SI Car Urban Driving Tests

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The Influence of an Oil Recycler on Emissions with Oil Age for a Refuse Truck Using in Service Testing

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

The Effect of Ambient Temperature on Cold Start Urban Traffic Emissions for a Real World SI Car

The Effect of Ambient Temperature on Cold Start Urban Traffic Emissions for a Real World SI Car

Influence of Ambient Temperature on Cold-start Emissions for a Euro 1 SI Car Using In-vehicle Emissions Measurement in an Urban Traffic Jam Test Cycle

Impact of Ambient Temperatures on Exhaust Thermal Characteristics during Cold Start for Real World SI Car Urban Driving Tests

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