The Influence of Anthropometric, Kinematic and Energetic Variables and Gender on Swimming Performance in Youth Athletes

Morais, Jorge E.; Garrido, Nuno; Marques, Mário C.; Silva, Alcino J.; Marinho, Daniel A.; Barbosa, Tiago M.

doi:10.2478/hukin-2013-0083

Cited by 30 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…This means that the swimmers are submitted to high volumes, based on aerobic sets, improvement of the swim efficiency, and dry-land S&C. At the first moment (M1), the clusters were characterized by different determinants (cluster 1: a high squat jump, throwing velocity, and swimming velocity; cluster 2: a high intracyclic swimming velocity and a low stroke index and swimming velocity; cluster 3: a high propelling efficiency and a low arm span and throwing velocity). Some studies have reported that the fastest swimmers, besides having better nature aspects (high body dimensions), also have better kinematics (i.e., swimming velocity) compared to their slower counterparts Morais et al, 2013). However, little is known about the role of S&C programs in this regard.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Therefore, the stroke kinematics (stroke frequency and swimming velocity) and height (H) were the best cluster discriminators. The reports in the literature consistently indicate that anthropometrics and kinematics are strongly related to the performance of young swimmers Mezzaroba and Machado, 2014;Vitor and Böhme, 2010), with the fastest swimmers having better kinematics (Morais et al, 2013;Tsalis et al, 2012). The "talented" swimmers (cluster 1) presented a well-rounded set of determinants, which included being the tallest (height, anthropometrics), fastest (swimming velocity, kinematics) and strongest (throwing velocity, upper limb S&C).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such determinants are mainly related to stroke mechanics (e.g. stroke length, stroke frequency and swimming velocity) (Vitor and Bohme, 2010;Jurimae et al, 2007), and to anthropometrics (Morais et al, 2013;Geladas et al, 2005). Furthermore, it is suggested that the contribution of such determinants is related to the training program designed .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of a specific concurrent water and dry-land training over a season in young swimmers’ performance

Morais¹,

Silva²,

Marinho³

et al. 2016

International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport

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The aims of this study were to assess over a full season: (i) the effect of a combined dry-land strength and conditioning and in-water program on the swimming performance of young swimmers; (ii) the effect of such program on the performance determinants; (iii) the effect of the training periodization designed. A longitudinal research design assessing an agegroup of young swimmers over a season was carried out. Methods: Twentyseven young swimmers (12 boys: 13.55±0.72-y; 15 girls: 13.16±0.93-y; both sexes in Tanner stages 2-3) were evaluated in three moments over 40 weeks. The 100-m freestyle performance, body mass, height, arm span (anthropometrics), stroke frequency, stroke length, swimming velocity, intracyclic swimming velocity (kinematics), stroke index, propelling efficiency (efficiency), squat jump, countermovement jump, and throw velocity (strength and conditioning) were assessed. A cluster analysis was computed to classify the swimmers. For the "talented" swimmers, the performance and all determinants, but the squat and countermovement jumps improved between the first and last evaluation moments. Both inwater and dry-land strength and conditioning features were responsible for the cluster discrimination in each one of the evaluation moments. All three clusters were also characterized by a mix of technical and strength & conditioning features. This highlights swimming performance as a holistic phenomenon (i.e. multiple determinants) where shifting occur in the interplay among the performance determinant according to the training periodization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of a specific concurrent water and dry-land training over a season in young swimmers’ performance

Morais¹,

Silva²,

Marinho³

et al. 2016

International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport

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“…It is claimed that heredity determines the body length (height, limb and foot length) by as much as 70 percent, while fat and muscle mass -by 20-40 percent (Bouchard, Malina, & Perusse, 1997;Issurin, 2017). Earlier studies have shown that longitudinal anthropometric dimensions are important for predicting swimmers' athletic performance and can be considered as selection criteria at a young age (Issurin, 2017;Kjendlie & Stallman, 2011;Morais at al., 2013;Sammoud et al, 2018).…”

Section: Peculiarities Of Changes Of Young Swimmers' Anthropometric Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peculiarities of Changes of Young Swimmers’ Anthropometric Profile in the Time of Intensive Training and Its Correlation with Sports Results

Zuozienė¹,

Drevinskaitė²

2019

BJSHS

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Background. Knowledge of the peculiarities of anthropometric indicators, body weight components, and somatotype of athletes is important for coaches, sports scientists, and sports physicians at all stages of perennial training, starting with children’s sport. Often this is seen as an important indicator for identifying talented children in sport. The aim of this study was to determine how the anthropometric and body weight profile of young swimmers (11–12 years) significantly changes during the training period, and the correlation of these indicators with the competition results in the chosen event.Methods. The study included 24 young (aged 11.7 ± 0.5 years) national level swimmers – girls (n = 14) and boys (n = 10) with 3 to 4 years of sports experience in the national competitions and demonstrating high results in their age group. We investigated longitudinal anthropometric measurements, body mass components, established the somatotype and handgrip strength. The change of indicators was analysed during the training period of five months as well as its correlation with the result in the chosen sport. Sports results were rated by FINA ranking points.Results. The anthropometric longitudinal and transverse dimensions of girls and boys increased during the study period, however, there was no difference between the sex groups except for the length of the foot (it was higher in the group of boys, p < .05). The analysis of body weight components showed that girls had higher body fat mass and a percentage of body fat than boys (p < .05). The results of boys’ swimming had statistically significant links with their height (r = .857), foot length (r = .805), body weight (r = .857), lean mass and muscle mass (r = .927) and right handgrip strength (.786). There was no significant correlation between these indicators in the group of girls.Conclusion. The results of the study suggest that the characteristics of the anthropometric profile as a prognostic indicator for the viability in the chosen sport for boys were more significant than for girls.

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“…Os parâmetros da marcha, tal como os de outros movimentos, vão alterando ao longo do crescimento das crianças (Beck et al, 1981;Morais et al, 2013). Este autor determinou num grupo de crianças entre 11 meses e 14 anos de idade as velocidades mais lentas e mais rápidas observadas na marcha.…”

Section: Ciclo Da Marchaunclassified

Efectos biofísicos en la locomoción de los niños prepuberales con carga en la espalda

Silva¹,

da²

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By observing children's entry or exit from a basic education school, any adult who is not familiar with this image, immediately will note that many children must carry "too much weight" in the backpack and that this "overload" could harm their health in the medium and long term. Carrying school supplies and other assets by pre puberty students is a problem that concerns the whole school community. Although every year, at the beginning of the school year, several attention calls to the problem appear in media and some organizations disseminate several recommendations to alleviate the problem, in practice, nothing concrete is done to change this situation. Before advancing in the text it should be defined, in a very simplified way, what is meant by "normal gait". In this thesis, "normal gait", is defined as being made without overload with self-selected speed; as opposed to "normal gait" we have "pathological gait." One concern of education community is to know what is the maximum load limit that a child can carry, ie, when the load leads to a pathological gait, impacting on the normal development of the child. This is the problem that we propose to study in this thesis. Neuromuscular system controls human movement. Gait is described as a set of repeated movement cycles determined by a multifactorial set considered determinate to the same pattern. When is wanted to make a gait assessment it is important to include more than one analysis technique, been used in this work some like kinematics, muscle activity (EMG), energy cost and thermography. When the motion is not carried out with the minimum possible energy expenditure, there are changes in its kinematic pattern, in muscle activation and temperature detected at the body surface.

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The Influence of Anthropometric, Kinematic and Energetic Variables and Gender on Swimming Performance in Youth Athletes

Cited by 30 publications

References 22 publications

Effect of a specific concurrent water and dry-land training over a season in young swimmers’ performance

Effect of a specific concurrent water and dry-land training over a season in young swimmers’ performance

Peculiarities of Changes of Young Swimmers’ Anthropometric Profile in the Time of Intensive Training and Its Correlation with Sports Results

Efectos biofísicos en la locomoción de los niños prepuberales con carga en la espalda

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