The influence of barosensory vessel mechanics on the vascular sympathetic baroreflex: insights into aging and blood pressure homeostasis

Lord, Rachel; Wakeham, Denis J.; Pugh, Christopher J. A.; Simpson, Lydia L.; Talbot, Jack S.; Lodge, Freya; Curry, Bryony A.; Dawkins, Tony G.; Shave, Rob; Moore, Jonathan P.

doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00265.2020

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The individuals studied here have been reported on previously to address separate a priori study aims (Wakeham et al 2019 ; Lord et al 2020 ; Talbot et al 2020 ). Forty-six healthy (free of chronic disease), non-smoking, normotensive and non-obese males were recruited into groups of endurance-trained runners and recreationally active nonrunners.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aortic haemodynamics: the effects of habitual endurance exercise, age and muscle sympathetic vasomotor outflow in healthy men

et al. 2022

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Purpose We determined the effect of habitual endurance exercise and age on aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV), augmentation pressure (AP) and systolic blood pressure (aSBP), with statistical adjustments of aPWV and AP for heart rate and aortic mean arterial pressure, when appropriate. Furthermore, we assessed whether muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) correlates with AP in young and middle-aged men. Methods Aortic PWV, AP, aortic blood pressure (applanation tonometry; SphygmoCor) and MSNA (peroneal microneurography) were recorded in 46 normotensive men who were either young or middle-aged and endurance-trained runners or recreationally active nonrunners (10 nonrunners and 13 runners within each age-group). Between-group differences and relationships between variables were assessed via ANOVA/ANCOVA and Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients, respectively. Results Adjusted aPWV and adjusted AP were similar between runners and nonrunners in both age groups (all, P > 0.05), but higher with age (all, P < 0.001), with a greater effect size for the age-related difference in AP in runners (Hedges’ g, 3.6 vs 2.6). aSBP was lower in young (P = 0.009; g = 2.6), but not middle-aged (P = 0.341; g = 1.1), runners compared to nonrunners. MSNA burst frequency did not correlate with AP in either age group (young: r = 0.00, P = 0.994; middle-aged: r = − 0.11, P = 0.604). Conclusion There is an age-dependent effect of habitual exercise on aortic haemodynamics, with lower aSBP in young runners compared to nonrunners only. Statistical adjustment of aPWV and AP markedly influenced the outcomes of this study, highlighting the importance of performing these analyses. Further, peripheral sympathetic vasomotor outflow and AP were not correlated in young or middle-aged normotensive men.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aortic haemodynamics: the effects of habitual endurance exercise, age and muscle sympathetic vasomotor outflow in healthy men

et al. 2022

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“…The study by Lord et al (2020) provides a new surrogate for baroreceptor loading, and the key findings from the study are intriguing with respect to baroreceptor control inputs for resting sympathetic outflow. However, the rigour of the study was limited, using only 15 cardiac cycles for the aortic ultrasound data.…”

Section: Future Research Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barosensory vessel mechanics and the vascular sympathetic baroreflex: Impact on blood pressure homeostasis

Hughes

Moore

Lord

2023

Experimental Physiology

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New Findings What is the topic of this review? We review barosensory vessel mechanics and their role in blood pressure regulation across the lifespan. What advances does it highlight? In young normotensive men, aortic unloading mechanics contribute to the resting operating point of the vascular sympathetic baroreflex; however, with advancing age, this contribution is removed. This suggests that barosensory vessel unloading mechanics are not driving the well‐documented age‐related increase in resting muscle sympathetic nerve activity. AbstractAn age‐associated increase in arterial blood pressure is evident for apparently healthy humans. This is frequently attributed to stiffening of the central arteries and a concurrent increase in sympathetic outflow, potentially mediated by a reduced ability of the baroreceptive vessels to distend. This is supported, in part, by a reduced mechanical component of the vascular sympathetic baroreflex (i.e., a reduction in distension for a given pressure). Previous characterization of the mechanical component has assessed only carotid artery distension; however, evidence suggests that both the aortic and carotid baroreflexes are integral to blood pressure regulation. In addition, given that baroreceptors are located in the vessel wall, the change in wall tension, comprising diameter, pressure and vessel wall thickness, and the mechanics of this change might provide a better index of the baroreceptor stimulus than the previous method used to characterize the mechanical component that relies on diameter alone. This brief review summarizes the data using this new method of assessing barosensory vessel mechanics and their influence on the vascular sympathetic baroreflex across the lifespan.

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“…For instance, Klassen et al [ 84 ] showed that vascular mechanics of the AA significantly contribute to differences in baroreflex modulation of the heart rate. However, as described by Lord et al [ 85 ], wall tension seems to be more appropriate than aortic diameter alone, as both pressure and diameter have an influence on baroreflex function. More importantly, absolute diameter is not helpful; it particularly shows the change from diastolic-systolic diameter, tension to quantify loading and the subsequent systolic-diastolic change diameter, and tension to quantify unloading.…”

Section: Baroreceptors and Aortic Aneurysmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baroreceptors in the Aortic Arch and Their Potential Role in Aortic Dissection and Aneurysms

Reutersberg

Pelisek

Ouda

et al. 2022

JCM

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The arterial baroreflex is a key autonomic regulator of blood pressure whose dysfunction has been related to several cardiovascular diseases. Changes in blood pressure are sensed by specific mechanosensory proteins, called baroreceptors, particularly located in the outer layer of the carotid sinus and the inner curvature of the aortic arch. The signal is propagated along the afferent nerves to the central nervous system and serves as negative feedback of the heart rate. Despite extensive research, the precise molecular nature of baroreceptors remains elusive. Current knowledge assumes that baroreceptors are ion channels at the nerve endings within the outer layer of the arteries. However, the evidence is based mainly on animal experiments, and the specific types of mechanosensitive receptors responsible for the signal transduction are still unknown. Only a few studies have investigated mechanosensory transmission in the aortic arch. In addition, although aortic dissection, and particularly type A involving the aortic arch, is one of the most life-threatening cardiovascular disorders, there is no knowledge about the impact of aortic dissection on baroreceptor function. In this review, we aim not to highlight the regulation of the heart rate but what mechanical stimuli and what possible ion channels transfer the corresponding signal within the aortic arch, summarizing and updating the current knowledge about baroreceptors, specifically in the aortic arch, and the impact of aortic pathologies on their function.

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The influence of barosensory vessel mechanics on the vascular sympathetic baroreflex: insights into aging and blood pressure homeostasis

Cited by 7 publications

References 35 publications

Aortic haemodynamics: the effects of habitual endurance exercise, age and muscle sympathetic vasomotor outflow in healthy men

Aortic haemodynamics: the effects of habitual endurance exercise, age and muscle sympathetic vasomotor outflow in healthy men

Barosensory vessel mechanics and the vascular sympathetic baroreflex: Impact on blood pressure homeostasis

Baroreceptors in the Aortic Arch and Their Potential Role in Aortic Dissection and Aneurysms

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