The influence of birthweight and intrauterine environment on adiposity and fat distribution in later life

Rogers, Imogen

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802316

Cited by 336 publications

(263 citation statements)

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“…[14][15][16][17] Not only lean and fat compartments of body mass but also fat distribution seem to be determined during fetal life. [18][19][20][21][22] However, there are conflicting reports on whether poor fetal growth truly predicts abdominal obesity or whether higher waist-hip ratio is primarily related to a reduced hip size in individuals with low birth weight. 19,21 Another concern in studies reporting the role of birth weight in adult body composition is that assessment of body tissues by anthropometric measurements may introduce inaccuracy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birth size, adult body composition and muscle strength in later life

Ylihärsilä¹,

Kajantie²,

et al. 2007

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Objective: Low birth weight has been linked to lower lean body mass and abdominal obesity later in life, whereas high birth weight has been suggested to predict later obesity as indicated by high body mass index (BMI). We examined how birth weight was related to adult body size, body composition and grip strength. Design/subjects: Cross-sectional study on 928 men and 1075 women born in [1934][1935][1936][1937][1938][1939][1940][1941][1942][1943][1944], with measurements at birth recorded. Measurements: Height, weight, waist and hip circumference and isometric grip strength were measured. Lean and fat body mass were estimated by bioelectrical impedance with an eight-polar tactile electrode system. Results: A 1 kg increase in birth weight corresponded in men to a 4.1 kg (95% CI: 3.1, 5.1) and in women to a 2.9 kg (2.1, 3.6) increase in adult lean mass. This association remained significant after adjustment for age, adult body size, physical activity, smoking status, social class and maternal size. Grip strength was positively related to birth weight through its association with lean mass. The positive association of birth weight with adult BMI was explained by its association with lean mass. Low birth weight was related to higher body fat percentage only after adjustment for adult BMI. Abdominal obesity was not predicted by low birth weight. Conclusions: Low birth weight is associated with lower lean mass in adult life and thus contributes to the risk of relative sarcopenia and the related functional inability at the other end of the lifespan. At a given level of adult BMI, low birth weight predicts higher body fat percentage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birth size, adult body composition and muscle strength in later life

Ylihärsilä¹,

Kajantie²,

et al. 2007

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“…Birthweight has also been reported to affect weight trends in children and adolescents, suggesting that some programming of weight status occurs in utero [5][6][7][8]. Factors that affect birthweight within demographically similar births include pre-pregnancy weight, weight gain during pregnancy, maternal smoking, parity and disease [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal growth is increased by maternal type 1 diabetes and HLA DR4-related gene interactions

et al. 2007

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Aims/hypothesis Intrauterine growth in non-diabetic pregnancies is reported to be influenced by type 1 diabetes susceptibility genes. In particular, the high-risk HLA DR4_DQB1*0302 haplotype is associated with increased birthweight. The aim of this study was to determine whether HLA DR4 was associated with increased birthweight in a maternal diabetes environment and whether effects persisted during early childhood. Subjects and methods Birthweight and gestational age were obtained in singleton births from mothers with type 1 diabetes (n=1161) or whose fathers or siblings have type 1 diabetes (n=872). Weight and height at ages 2 and 5 years were obtained from paediatric records. Data were adjusted for (gestational) age and sex and expressed as percentiles of German reference data. HLA DR typing was obtained for all children and 1090 children also had insulin gene (INS) variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) typing. Results Maternal type 1 diabetes was associated with increased birthweight, gestational age and birthweight percentiles (all p<0.0001). In children of mothers with type 1 diabetes, birthweight percentile was further related to maternal HbA 1c during pregnancy (r=0.26; p<0.0001) and was independently increased if children had HLA DR4 alleles (76th vs 64th percentile; p<0.0001). HLA DR4 was not associated with birthweight in children of non-diabetic mothers. Birthweight was not associated with INS VNTR genotypes. High birthweight, but not HLA DR4 was associated with increased weight and BMI at ages 2 and 5 years (p<0.0001). Conclusions/interpretation Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that a diabetic intrauterine environment interacts with gene(s) marked by the type 1 diabetes susceptibility HLA DR4 alleles to increase fetal growth.

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“…The relationship between birth weight and later obesity has been less studied and there is insufficient evidence. However, available studies suggest rather that high birth weight and rapid weight gain at an early age are favourable conditions to develop obesity in the future (18)(19)(20)(21)(22) . In a Danish population-based cohort study of 252 961 newborns, Rugholm et al showed that the risk of overweight increased consistently with each increase in birth weight category for children aged 6 to 13 years (21) .…”

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confidence: 99%

Birth weight and obesity risk at first grade of high school in a non-concurrent cohort of Chilean children

Loaiza

Atalah

2012

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To determine the association of birth weight with obesity risk at first grade of high school in Chilean children after accounting for potential confounding factors. Design: National non-concurrent cohort of newborns. Sociodemographic information, height, weight and anthropometric measurements at first grade of high school were analysed. Birth weight was classified as macrosomia ($4000 g), by gestational age and by ponderal index. The relationship between birth weight and obesity at first grade of high school (BMI $ 95th percentile of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's reference) was assessed using logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic information at delivery. Setting: First grade of public high school of low and middle socio-economic status in the whole country (about 77 % of Chilean children in this age group). Subjects: Newborns (n 119 070) and the same number of high-school students. Results: A positive relationship of high ponderal index (OR 5 1?86, 95 % CI 1?69, 2?03), birth weight $4000 g (OR 5 1?66, 95 % CI 1?54, 1?78) and large for gestational age (OR 5 1?69, 95 % CI 1?58, 1?81) with obesity at adolescence (P , 0?001) was found. Macrosomic children had a higher risk of being obese at first grade of high school after controlling for prenatal confounding variables (OR 5 1?63, 95 % CI 1?52, 1?76; P , 0?001). Conclusions: A direct relationship between high birth weight and obesity at first grade of high school was observed in this group of Chilean children. The results highlight the significance of birth weight as a simple tool to be used as an indicator of obesity risk for children by health-care providers.

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The influence of birthweight and intrauterine environment on adiposity and fat distribution in later life

Cited by 336 publications

References 83 publications

Birth size, adult body composition and muscle strength in later life

Birth size, adult body composition and muscle strength in later life

Fetal growth is increased by maternal type 1 diabetes and HLA DR4-related gene interactions

Birth weight and obesity risk at first grade of high school in a non-concurrent cohort of Chilean children

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