The influence of brain iron on myelin water imaging

Birkl, Christoph; Birkl-Toeglhofer, Anna Maria; Endmayr, Verena; Höftberger, Romana; Kasprian, Gregor; Krebs, Claudia; Haybaeck, Johannes; Rauscher, Alexander

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.05.042

Cited by 70 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Another source for the change in R 2 * with age is likely to be iron . In their 1958 paper, Hallgren and Sourander looked at 98 postmortem nonhaemin iron‐stained brains and determined iron levels from birth to almost 100 years of age .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another source for the change in R 2 * with age is likely to be iron. [10][11][12]63,64 In their 1958 paper, Hallgren and Sourander looked at 98 postmortem nonhaemin iron-stained brains and determined iron levels from birth to almost 100 years of age. 8 They reported very low iron levels at birth, followed by a rapid increase in iron during the first two decades, with little increase after 30 years of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Myelin water imaging and R₂^* mapping in neonates: Investigating R₂^* dependence on myelin and fibre orientation in whole brain white matter

et al. 2019

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R 2* relaxation provides a semiquantitative method of detecting myelin, iron and white matter fibre orientation angles. Compared with standard histogram-based analyses, angle-resolved analysis of R 2 * has previously been shown to substantially improve the detection of subtle differences in the brain between healthy siblings of subjects with multiple sclerosis and unrelated healthy controls. Neonates, who are born with very little myelin and iron, and an underdeveloped connectome, provide researchers with an opportunity to investigate whether R 2 * is intimately linked with fibre-angle or myelin content as it is in adults, which may in future studies be explored as a potential white matter developmental biomarker. Five healthy adult volunteers (mean age [±SD] = 31.2 [±8.3] years; three males) were recruited from Vancouver, Canada. Eight term neonates (mean age = 38.6 ± 1.2 weeks; five males) were recruited from the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University neonatal ward. All subjects were scanned on identical 3 T Philips Achieva scanners equipped with an eight-channel SENSE head coil and underwent a multiecho gradient echo scan, a 32-direction DTI scan and a myelin water imaging scan. For both neonates and adults, bin-averaged R 2 * variation across the brain's white matter was found to be best explained by fibre orientation. For adults, this represented a difference in R 2 * values of 3.5 Hz from parallel to perpendicular fibres with respect to the main magnetic field. In neonates, the fibre orientation dependency displayed a cosine wave shape, with a small R 2 * range of 0.4 Hz. This minor relationship in neonates provides further evidence for the key role myelin probably plays in creating this fibre orientation dependence later in life, but suggests limited clinical application in newborn populations. Future studies should investigate fibre-orientation dependency in infants in the first 5 years, when substantial myelin development occurs. K E Y W O R D S magnetic susceptibility, myelin water imaging, neonates, R 2 * , white matter development, white matter fibre orientation

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myelin water imaging and R₂^* mapping in neonates: Investigating R₂^* dependence on myelin and fibre orientation in whole brain white matter

et al. 2019

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“…In the absence of the histopathological "gold-standard" verification, the decrease in MWF cannot be attributed to demyelination only. In fact, several competing pathophysiological processes, such as iron deposition in the WM, loss of myelinated nerve fibers, malformation of myelin sheaths and myelin pallor can be contributing factors as well (Pannese, 2011;Sala et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2017;Birkl et al, 2019). While our sample size, consisting of 54 subjects covering a lifespan of more than 60 years is comparable to other related imaging studies (Billiet et al, 2015;Arshad et al, 2016), it may not be sufficiently big to draw clinically valid inferences.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Myelin Water Fraction Serves as a Marker for Age-Related Myelin Alterations in the Cerebral White Matter – A Multiparametric MRI Aging Study

et al. 2020

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“…One caveat of the T 2 -based MWF metric is that iron can also shorten T 2 relaxation times, leading to increased MWF. 52 This should be taken into consideration when interpreting MWF results, especially in contexts such as aging or multiple sclerosis lesions, where changes in iron content are known to occur independently of myelin. [53][54][55] However, iron in WM is found mainly within oligodendrocytes, co-localized with myelin, 56 and intra-and inter-subject MWF variations are still believed to be driven primarily by myelin content.…”

Section: Comparison To Gold Standardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐spin echo T₂ relaxation imaging with compressed sensing (METRICS) for rapid myelin water imaging

Dvorak

Wiggermann

Gilbert

et al. 2020

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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Purpose: Myelin water imaging (MWI) provides a valuable biomarker for myelin, but clinical application has been restricted by long acquisition times. Accelerating the standard multi-echo T 2 acquisition with gradient echoes (GRASE) or by 2D multislice data collection results in image blurring, contrast changes, and other issues.Compressed sensing (CS) can vastly accelerate conventional MRI. In this work, we assessed the use of CS for in vivo human MWI, using a 3D multi spin-echo sequence. Methods: We implemented multi-echo T 2 relaxation imaging with compressed sensing (METRICS) and METRICS with partial Fourier acceleration (METRICS-PF).Scan-rescan data were acquired from 12 healthy controls for assessment of repeatability. MWI data were acquired for METRICS in 9 m:58 s and for METRICS-PF in 7 m:25 s, both with 1.5 × 2 × 3 mm 3 voxels, 56 echoes, 7 ms ΔTE, and 240 × 240 × 170 mm 3 FOV. METRICS was compared with a novel multi-echo spinecho gold-standard (MSE-GS) MWI acquisition, acquired for a single additional subject in 2 h:2 m:40 s. Results: METRICS/METRICS-PF myelin water fraction had mean: repeatability coefficient 1.5/1.1, coefficient of variation 6.2/4.5%, and intra-class correlation coefficient 0.79/0.84. Repeatability metrics comparing METRICS with METRICS-PF were similar, and both sequences agreed with reference values from literature. METRICS images and quantitative maps showed excellent qualitative agreement with those of MSE-GS. | 1265 DVORAK et Al.

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The influence of brain iron on myelin water imaging

Cited by 70 publications

References 65 publications

Myelin water imaging and R₂^* mapping in neonates: Investigating R₂^* dependence on myelin and fibre orientation in whole brain white matter

Myelin water imaging and R₂^* mapping in neonates: Investigating R₂^* dependence on myelin and fibre orientation in whole brain white matter

The Myelin Water Fraction Serves as a Marker for Age-Related Myelin Alterations in the Cerebral White Matter – A Multiparametric MRI Aging Study

Multi‐spin echo T₂ relaxation imaging with compressed sensing (METRICS) for rapid myelin water imaging

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The influence of brain iron on myelin water imaging

Cited by 70 publications

References 65 publications

Myelin water imaging and R2* mapping in neonates: Investigating R2* dependence on myelin and fibre orientation in whole brain white matter

Myelin water imaging and R2* mapping in neonates: Investigating R2* dependence on myelin and fibre orientation in whole brain white matter

The Myelin Water Fraction Serves as a Marker for Age-Related Myelin Alterations in the Cerebral White Matter – A Multiparametric MRI Aging Study

Multi‐spin echo T2 relaxation imaging with compressed sensing (METRICS) for rapid myelin water imaging

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Myelin water imaging and R₂^* mapping in neonates: Investigating R₂^* dependence on myelin and fibre orientation in whole brain white matter

Myelin water imaging and R₂^* mapping in neonates: Investigating R₂^* dependence on myelin and fibre orientation in whole brain white matter

Multi‐spin echo T₂ relaxation imaging with compressed sensing (METRICS) for rapid myelin water imaging