The Influence of Calcium Intake and Physical Activity on Bone Mineral Content and Bone Size in Healthy Children and Adolescents

Mølgaard, Christian; Thomsen, Birthe Lykke; Michaelsen, Kim Fleischer

doi:10.1007/s001980170042

Cited by 52 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Other cross-sectional studies described similar findings, i.e. a significant association between various bone parameters with a PA measure in boys, but not in girls [22,34]. Janz et al [17] looked at the longitudinal influence of PA (measured by accelerometers) on bone parameters in prepubertal children between the age of 5 and 8 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Weight-bearing bones are more sensitive to physical exercise in boys than in girls during pre- and early puberty: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2008

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Summary We carried out a cross-section study of the sexspecific relationship between bone mineral content and physical activity at sites with different loading in pre-and early pubertal girls and boys. There was significant sensitivity of bone mineral content of the hip to physical exercise in boys, but not in girls. Background Since little is known whether there are sex differences in sensitivity of bone to loading, we investigated sex differences in the cross-sectional association between measures of physical activity (PA) and bone mass and size in pre-and early pubertal children of both sexes.Methods We measured bone mineral content/density (BMC/BMD) and fat-free mass (FFM) in 269 6-to 13-year-old children from randomly selected schools by dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry. Physical activity (PA) was measured by accelerometers and lower extremity strength by a jump-and-reach test. Results Boys (n=128) had higher hip and total body BMC and BMD, higher FFM, higher muscle strength and were more physically active than girls (n=141). Total hip BMC was positively associated with time spent in total and vigorous PA in boys (r=0.20-0.33, p<0.01), but not in girls (r=0.02-0.04, p = ns), even after adjusting for FFM and strength. While boys and girls in the lowest tertile of vigorous PA (22 min/day) did not differ in hip BMC (15.62 vs 15.52 g), boys in the highest tertile (72 min/day) had significantly higher values than the corresponding girls (16.84 vs 15.71 g, p<0.05). Conclusions Sex differences in BMC during pre-and early puberty may be related to a different sensitivity of bone to physical loading, irrespective of muscle mass.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Weight-bearing bones are more sensitive to physical exercise in boys than in girls during pre- and early puberty: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2008

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“…However, the results of the current study were in contrast to these findings, probably due to the limited number of subjects with adequate calcium intake within the sample. A study demonstrated that there was a positive relationship between spontaneous calcium intake and bone mass in a group of children with only high intake of calcium of around 1000 to 1200 mg/day [64]. Perhaps this was why this study did not show any significant relationship between calcium and BMC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Vitamin D and Calcium Intakes, Physical Activity, and Calcaneus BMC among School-Going 13-Year Old Malaysian Adolescents

et al. 2016

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Background: Dietary calcium and vitamin D are essential for bone development. Apart from diet, physical activity may potentially improve and sustain bone health. Objective: To investigate the relationship between the dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D, physical activity, and bone mineral content (BMC) in 13-year-old Malaysian adolescents. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Selected public secondary schools from the central and northern regions of Peninsular Malaysia. Participants: The subjects were from the Malaysian Health and Adolescents Longitudinal Research Team Cohort study (MyHeARTs). Methods: The data included seven-day diet histories, anthropometric measurements, and the BMC of calcaneal bone using a portable broadband ultrasound bone densitometer. Nutritionist Pro software was used to calculate the dietary calcium and vitamin D intakes from the diet histories, based on the Nutrient Composition of Malaysian Food Database guidance for the dietary calcium intake and the Singapore Energy and Nutrient Composition of Food Database for vitamin D intake. Results: A total of 289 adolescents (65.7% females) were recruited. The average dietary intakes of calcium and vitamin D were 377 ± 12 mg/day and 2.51 ± 0.12 µg/day, respectively, with the majority of subjects failing to meet the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) of Malaysia for dietary calcium and vitamin D. All the subjects had a normal Z-score for the BMC (−2.00 or higher) with a mean of 0.55 ± 0.01. From the statistical analysis of the factors contributing to BMC, it was found that for those subjects with a higher intake of vitamin D, a higher combination of the intake of vitamin D and calcium resulted in significantly higher BMC quartiles. The regression analysis showed that the BMC might have been influenced by the vitamin D intake. Conclusions: A combination of the intake of vitamin D and calcium is positively associated with the BMC.

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“…A survey adapted from the scientific literature was conducted to determine the participants' recall of dietary calcium intake during the last 2 weeks. 24, 25 The research protocol was approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Human Subjects Review Board and the University Institutional Review Board (IRB) for human health protection. All subjects and their guardians provided written consent and assent to participate in this study.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone Quantity and Quality of Youths Working on a Farm—A Pilot Study

Bhattacharya

Watts

Gordon

et al. 2008

Journal of Agromedicine

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This study investigated the effect of farm-related activities on the bone health of youths. Bone quantity and bone quality were quantitated in 36 adolescents-18 youth with a history of working on farms and 18 youth not involved in farm-related activities. Bone quantity as depicted by bone mineral density (BMD) was measured with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Bone quality was characterized with biomechanical measures based on bone geometry and measures of dynamic bone shock absorption (BSA) properties. Dynamic bone response measures provide preliminary evidence that farm-related physically demanding tasks lead to changes that may predispose the teenagers to degenerative skeletal disorders later in life. Future studies with larger samples need to be carried out to further support the findings.

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The Influence of Calcium Intake and Physical Activity on Bone Mineral Content and Bone Size in Healthy Children and Adolescents

Cited by 52 publications

References 40 publications

Weight-bearing bones are more sensitive to physical exercise in boys than in girls during pre- and early puberty: a cross-sectional study

Weight-bearing bones are more sensitive to physical exercise in boys than in girls during pre- and early puberty: a cross-sectional study

Vitamin D and Calcium Intakes, Physical Activity, and Calcaneus BMC among School-Going 13-Year Old Malaysian Adolescents

Bone Quantity and Quality of Youths Working on a Farm—A Pilot Study

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