The influence of calcium, tin and grid thickness on corrosion-induced grid growth

Giess, H.

doi:10.1016/0378-7753(94)01974-z

Cited by 39 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In particular, lead-calcium-tin grids are usually employed for the positive grids of Valve-Regulated Lead Acid batteries (VRLA) or maintenance free storage lead/acid batteries (Giess, 1995 ;Bagshaw, 1995). Indeed, Pb-Ca-Sn alloys present better mechanical and electrochemical properties considering Pb-Ca or Pb-Sb systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Sintering Behaviour and Mechanical Properties of Lead-Ceramic (Nano-) Composites for Acid Battery Grids

Maı̂tre¹,

Vilasi²

2011

Advances in Composite Materials for Medicine and Nanotechnology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Sintering Behaviour and Mechanical Properties of Lead-Ceramic (Nano-) Composites for Acid Battery Grids

Maı̂tre¹,

Vilasi²

2011

Advances in Composite Materials for Medicine and Nanotechnology

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“…In recent years, lead-calcium-tin alloys have been widely used for producing lead/acid battery grids. In particular, lead-calcium-tin grids are usually employed for the positive grids of Valve-Regulated Lead Acid batteries (VRLA) or maintenance free storage lead/acid batteries (Giess, 1995 ;Bagshaw, 1995). Indeed, Pb-Ca-Sn alloys present better mechanical and electrochemical properties considering Pb-Ca or Pb-Sb systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Composite Materials for Medicine and Nanotechnology

Attaf¹

2011

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is an expert/researcher in composite materials & structures. He obtained his engineer's degree from the National Polytechnic School of Algiers (ENPA) in 1985, and then his PhD degree from the University of Surrey (UK) in 1990. He has previously worked as a lecturer/researcher (Maître de Conférences) within the Departments of Aeronautics, Mechanics and Civil Engineering at the University of Blida in Algeria (1990Algeria ( -2000 and as a responsible of design office and quality assurance with composite firms in France (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003). Since 2003 he has been independently involved in sustainability research actions leading to ecodesign of composite materials & structures through the integration of environmental and health aspects into product lifecycle. His research and teaching interests focus on vibration and stability analyses of composite structures subjected to hygrothermomechanical loading using finite-element approach and experimental investigations. He has published many scientific papers and had successfully trained/supervised many engineers and postgraduate students (Masters and PhD).

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“…Pb-1.5-2 wt% Sn shows the best mechanical properties among Pb-Sn alloys. 15,16,[20][21][22] Mohammadi et al 10 concluded that only a small portion of the applied current (0.05-0.1%) is consumed by the electrochemical oxidation of lead to lead sulfate and lead dioxide. An overestimation occurs if the anodes service life is calculated based on this portion of the applied current density.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An overestimation occurs if the anodes service life is calculated based on this portion of the applied current density. Many such studies measured several years for service life of these alloys 7,10,22,23 while in practice, the anode failure is observed in a shorter time period. Some factors such as turbulence in the electrowinning electrolyte and the weight of the corrosion product formed on the surface of the anodes can accelerate the detachment rate of these corrosion products from the surface.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Role of Electrolyte Hydrodynamic Properties on the Performance of Lead-Based Anodes in Electrometallurgical Processes

Mohammadi

Houlachi

et al. 2013

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Integrity of lead anodes has always been a major concern for the electrowinning industry. This work investigates the effect of solution hydrodynamics on the degradation of Pb-Sn-Ca and Pb-Ca anodes. Galvanostatic experiments (50 mA/cm2) were performed at 37 ± 0.5°C using 0, 600, and 1000 rpm stirring rates for the durations of 24 and 72 hours. The PbO2 layer was reduced to PbSO4 (discharged) and the discharge duration was used in corrosion rate calculations. Weight loss measurements along with the discharge calculations revealed that the degradation rate of lead anodes increased with the solution stirring rate. In addition, the amount of PbO2 remaining on the surfaces was decreased as a function of solution velocity. Therefore, it was concluded that detachment of the corrosion products from the surface (flaking) affects the degradation rate of lead anodes significantly. Moreover, it was determined that the Pb-Sn-Ca anode performed better than the Pb-Ca anode in terms of both integrity and electrocatalytic properties for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Surface morphologies of the Pb-Sn-Ca anodes indicated that the roughness decreased as the solution stirring rate increased.

show abstract

The influence of calcium, tin and grid thickness on corrosion-induced grid growth

Cited by 39 publications

References 2 publications

Synthesis, Sintering Behaviour and Mechanical Properties of Lead-Ceramic (Nano-) Composites for Acid Battery Grids

Synthesis, Sintering Behaviour and Mechanical Properties of Lead-Ceramic (Nano-) Composites for Acid Battery Grids

Advances in Composite Materials for Medicine and Nanotechnology

The Role of Electrolyte Hydrodynamic Properties on the Performance of Lead-Based Anodes in Electrometallurgical Processes

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