The influence of cartilage surface topography on fluid flow in the intra-articular gap

Wu, Yabin; Ferguson, Stephen J.

doi:10.1080/10255842.2016.1215438

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The intrinsic permeability is governed by the pore size, shape, and connectivity. The gap permeability for h > 1 μm can be numerically computed by upscaling a microscale gap flow model through a homogenization process [37,38]. The methodology and simulation process are outlined in Fig.…”

Section: Contact Gap Flow and Gap Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of role of cartilage surface polymer brush border in lubrication of biological joints

et al. 2021

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Although experimental evidence has suggested that the polymer brush border (PBB) on the cartilage surface is important in regulating fluid permeability in the contact gap, the current theoretical understanding of joint lubrication is still limited. To address this research gap, a multiscale cartilage contact model that includes PBB, in particular its effect on the fluid permeability of the contact gap, is developed in this study. Microscale modeling is employed to estimate the permeability of the contact gap. This permeability is classified into two categories: For a gap size > 1 µm, the flow resistance is assumed to be dominated by the cartilage roughness; for gap size < 1 µm, flow resistance is assumed to be dominated by the surface polymers extending beyond the collagen network of the articular cartilage. For gap sizes of less than 1 µm, the gap permeability decreases exponentially with increasing aggrecan concentration, whereas the aggrecan concentration varies inversely with the gap size. Subsequently, the gap permeability is employed in a macroscale cartilage contact model, in which both the contact gap space and articular cartilage are modeled as two interacting poroelastic systems. The fluid exchange between these two media is achieved by imposing pressure and normal flux continuity boundary conditions. The model results suggest that PBB can substantially enhance cartilage lubrication by increasing the gap fluid load support (e.g., by 26 times after a 20-min indentation compared with the test model without a PBB). Additionally, the fluid flow resistance of PBB sustains the cartilage interstitial fluid pressure for a relatively long period, and hence reduces the vertical deformation of the tissue. Furthermore, it can be inferred that a reduction in the PBB thickness impairs cartilage lubrication ability.

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Section: Contact Gap Flow and Gap Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(10) where  g = 1,225 kg/m 3 , which is the density of synovial fluid; u is the fluid velocity vector;  g = 0.01 Pa·s, which is the viscosity of synovial fluid in the gap. of the CFD mode [38], and the gap permeability is expressed as…”

Section: Contact Gap Flow and Gap Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of role of cartilage surface polymer brush border in lubrication of biological joints

et al. 2021

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“…Furthermore, prolonging culture periods may result in enhanced outcomes, as indicated by the literature [50,51]. The spherical indenter could be replaced by a natural cartilage or TE cartilage surface, as the aggregate modulus [52], surface roughness [4] and permeability [53,54] of the opposing surface might play vital roles in the interface mechanics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Articular cartilage is a hyaline cartilage lining the articulating surface of bones, with an essential role in joint lubrication and impact absorption. These functions are mainly attributed to the articular cartilage's molecular composition, internal structure and surface roughness [1][2][3][4]. On the other hand, mechanical cues during joint articulation affect cell and tissue responses, leading either to homeostasis as observed in healthy joints, or to a catabolic and inflammatory shift ultimately leading to articular cartilage degeneration [2,5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyaluronan supplementation as a mechanical regulator of cartilage tissue development under joint-kinematic-mimicking loading

Stoddart

Wuertz‐Kozak

et al. 2017

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Articular cartilage plays an essential role in joint lubrication and impact absorption. Through this, the mechanical signals are coupled to the tissue's physiological response. Healthy synovial fluid has been shown to reduce and homogenize the shear stress acting on the cartilage surfaces due to its unique shear-thinning viscosity. As cartilage tissues are sensitive to mechanical changes in articulation, it was hypothesized that replacing the traditional culture medium with a healthy non-Newtonian lubricant could enhance tissue development in a cartilage engineering model, where joint-kinematic-mimicking mechanical loading is applied. Different amounts of hyaluronic acid were added to the culture medium to replicate the viscosities of synovial fluid at different health states. Hyaluronic acid supplementation, especially at a physiologically healthy concentration (2.0 mg ml), promoted a better preservation of chondrocyte phenotype. The ratio of collagen II to collagen I mRNA was 4.5 times that of the control group, implying better tissue development (however, with no significant difference of measured collagen II content), with a good retention of collagen II and proteoglycan in the mechanically active region. Simulating synovial fluid properties by hyaluronic acid supplementation created a favourable mechanical environment for mechanically loaded constructs. These findings may help in understanding the influence of joint articulation on tissue homeostasis, and moreover, improve methods for functional cartilage tissue engineering.

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“…Indeed, given the time-dependent poroelastic properties of cartilage, the flow paths and cartilage's frictional properties are expected to change (Zhang et al, 2015). Wu and Ferguson (2017) have laid a foundation on this issue by studying the effects of asperity distribution, root-mean-square (RMS) roughness, wavelengths and flow angle on the contact gap permeability. However as discussed later, in Wu and Ferguson (2017)'s analysis the synovial fluid is assumed to be Newtonian viscosity, while the randomness of surface roughness is not guaranteed statistically (i.e., sample dimensions and sizes were not large enough, the wavelengths were not random).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The investigation of fluid flow in cartilage contact gap

Liao

Smith

Miramini

et al. 2019

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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The influence of cartilage surface topography on fluid flow in the intra-articular gap

Cited by 14 publications

References 37 publications

Investigation of role of cartilage surface polymer brush border in lubrication of biological joints

Investigation of role of cartilage surface polymer brush border in lubrication of biological joints

Hyaluronan supplementation as a mechanical regulator of cartilage tissue development under joint-kinematic-mimicking loading

The investigation of fluid flow in cartilage contact gap

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