The influence of casein and urea as nitrogen sources on in vitro equine caecal fermentation

Santos, A. S.; Ferreira, L. M. M.; Martin‐Rosset, W.; Cotovio, Mário; Silva, F.; Bennett, Richard N.; Cone, J.W.; Bessa, Rui J. B.; Rodrigues, M.A.M.

doi:10.1017/s1751731111002527

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The fact that horses used in this study were fasted may also have contributed to the results. However, recent studies from our team using PB as microbial markers in cecal contents of cannulated, fed horses indicated similar PB and adenine:guanine ratio as those observed in this study (Santos et al, 2012). Total FA concentration of bacterial biomass did not differ between PAB and SAB, which is a different pattern that that observed in the rumen where FA concentration of SAB is consistently greater than PAB (Merry and McAllan, 1983;Bessa et al, 2009).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

Technical note: Fatty acids and purine profile of cecum and colon bacteria as indicators of equine microbial metabolism1

Santos

Jerónimo²,

Ferreira

et al. 2013

Journal of Animal Science

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The potential use of odd- and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFA) and purine bases (PB) as microbial markers in the equine hindgut was studied. For this purpose, feed particles adherent bacteria [solid associated bacteria (SAB)] and planktonic bacteria [liquid associated bacteria (PAB)] were isolated from total cecum and colon contents of 8 healthy, crossbred horses (9 ± 3 yr). Horses were fasted for 12 to 15 h before slaughter, and the cecum and colon were identified and clamped in their extremities to avoid mixing of digesta contents. The total cecum or colon contents was collected into thermal containers previously filled with CO2, immediately transported to the laboratory, and subjected to separation of solid and liquid phases to obtain bacterial PAB and SAB pellets from each horse. Overall differences observed were mainly between site of bacterial collection (cecum vs. colon) rather than between type of bacterial population (PAB vs. SAB). Cecal bacteria fraction had greater (P < 0.05) OM, PB, and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA):odd-chain fatty acids (OFA) ratio but less (P < 0.05) BCFA, OFA, BCFA:PB ratio, and adenine:guanine ratio than colon bacterial biomass. Results indicated that the composition of cecal and colon bacteria is very different from that of similar ecosystems (e.g., rumen). These differences can be a reflection of different growth stages or nutrition of particular populations as well as different bacterial metabolic activities. Results presented herein provide evidence that PB and fatty acids can be used as microbial markers in equine studies.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

Technical note: Fatty acids and purine profile of cecum and colon bacteria as indicators of equine microbial metabolism1

Santos

Jerónimo²,

Ferreira

et al. 2013

Journal of Animal Science

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“…The concentration of NH 3 -N in in vitro fermentation assays is inversely proportional to the concentration of microbial protein (Cone et al, 1997). In the present study, the NH 3 -N values observed after 72 h were greater than those observed by Santos et al (2012), possibly due to the greater true protein fermentation present in the substrate.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

“…The microbial population present in the cecum uses non-protein N to generate volatile fatty acids (VFA) in detriment of population growth as a metabolic strategy (Santos et al, 2012). However, the quantification and identification of groups that would benefit from this nitrogen source were not carried out (Santos et al, 2012). The concentration of NH 3 -N in in vitro fermentation assays is inversely proportional to the concentration of microbial protein (Cone et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine fecal inoculum optimization in in vitro fermentation assays of dehydrated roughage

et al. 2018

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This study evaluated the influence of coastcross hay substrate hydration and equine fecal inoculum dilution on the parameters of fermentation and microbiology in in vitro essays. A 2 × 2 factorial block design was used. The first factor was hydration of the coastcross hay substrate 12 h before incubation or at the time of incubation, and the second factor was the dilution of fecal inoculum with a nutrient solution in a weight: weight ratio of 1:1 or 1:3. Degradation of the dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were evaluated at 24, 48, and 72 h. Microorganisms were counted 24 h after inoculation. The ammoniacal nitrogen concentration (NH 3-N), pH, and cumulative gas production were measured up to 72 h and adjusted by the non-linear Gompertz regression model. Hydration of substrate and time of incubation increased nutrient degradation of coastcross hay, as well as the final volume of gases and the concentration of Streptococcus spp. The 1:3 dilution increased the final pH and Streptococcus spp. concentration. The hydration of substrate did not have any effect on NH 3-N, Lactobacillus spp., cellulolytic, and total anaerobic bacteria concentrations. In addition, no effect of hydration was observed on the fermentation rate and the maximum fermentation time on the model used. The fermentation profile of the grass substrate is not affected by dilution, and, therefore, horse feces can be used as a source of inoculum in in vitro fermentation trials. Hydration increases the gas volumes and the nutrient degradation of grass hay, renders the lag phase time insignificant and, therefore, can be irrelevant in terms of fermentation model settings.

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“…Due to its high sugar content, colloidal suspension, vitamins, and nitrogen compounds, molasses is often used in the production of microorganisms 26 . Urea was selected as a nitrogen source since it has been utilized in the cultivation of microorganisms by several authors 35 , 36 . In our media evaluation experiments, molasses and urea were found to be suitable sources of carbon and nitrogen, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of industrial (3000 L) production of Bacillus subtilis CW-S and its novel application for minituber and industrial-grade potato cultivation

Abuhena¹,

Al-Rashid²,

Azim³

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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A commercial plant probiotic product was developed employing Bacillus subtilis CW-S in submerged fermentation. The effects of molasses and urea on cell growth were investigated with the goal of low-cost manufacturing. Plackett–Burman and Central-Composite Design (CCD) were utilized to optimize production parameters to maximize productivity. The stability of the formulated product and its efficacy in cultivating minituber in aeroponics and industrial-grade potatoes in the field were assessed. The results showed that the medium BS10 (molasses and urea) produced satisfactory cell density (7.19 × 108 CFU/mL) as compared to the control (1.51 × 107 CFU/mL) and BS1-BS9 (expensive) media (1.84 × 107–1.37 × 109 CFU/mL). According to validated CCD results, optimized parameters fitted well in pilot (300 L; 2.05 × 109 CFU/mL) and industrial (3000 L; 2.01 × 109 CFU/mL) bioreactors, resulting in a two-fold increase in cell concentration over laboratory (9.84 × 108 CFU/mL) bioreactors. In aeroponics, CW-S produced excellent results, with a significant increase in the quantity and weight of minitubers and the survival rate of transplanted plantlets. In a field test, the yield of industrial-grade (> 55 mm) potatoes was increased with a reduction in fertilizer dose. Overall, the findings suggest that CW-S can be produced commercially utilizing the newly developed media and optimized conditions, making plant probiotics more cost-effective and accessible to farmers for crop cultivation, particularly in aeroponic minituber and industrial-grade potato production.

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The influence of casein and urea as nitrogen sources on in vitro equine caecal fermentation

Cited by 12 publications

References 22 publications

Technical note: Fatty acids and purine profile of cecum and colon bacteria as indicators of equine microbial metabolism1

Technical note: Fatty acids and purine profile of cecum and colon bacteria as indicators of equine microbial metabolism1

Equine fecal inoculum optimization in in vitro fermentation assays of dehydrated roughage

Optimization of industrial (3000 L) production of Bacillus subtilis CW-S and its novel application for minituber and industrial-grade potato cultivation

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